Top 10 Causes of Dry Skin

Dry skin is not usually serious, but it is common and uncomfortable. It can make your skin itchy and flaky and feel tight. There are a variety of reasons as to why your skin may be dry. Some forms can be prevented, and most can be treated. Talk with your doctor to find out why your skin is dry and what the cause may be.

Identification

Your skin is the body's largest organ. For the average adult, it weighs approximately 8 lbs. Your skin consists of three layers that help to waterproof, insulate and guard the body against extreme temperatures, sunlight and chemicals, according to the National Geographic website. The innermost layer of your skin is called the subcutis; this is the insulating layer that cushions falls and injuries. The middle layer of skin is the dermis, and it gives your skin its strength and elasticity. The outermost layer of skin, known as the epidermis, is made up of the protein keratin.

Dry Skin

Dry skin can be a nuisance, very itchy and unsightly. Normal skin has plump cells but when your skin dries out, these cells shrivel and create fine lines and wrinkles, according to the Mayo Clinic. Dry skin may feel tight as though it has no flexibility, especially after a shower, bath or swim. It may appear irritated, flake or peel. Dry skin can look shrunken, dehydrated, red or rough. It causes lines and cracks and sometimes deep fissures that can bleed.

Causes

The top 10 causes of dry skin are the weather, sun, indoor environment, hot baths or showers, harsh soaps or detergents, thyroid disorder, aging, psoriasis, eczema, and malnutrition and dehydration. According to the Mayo Clinic, your skin is the driest in winter when the air is cold, dry and lacking moisture. The sun also damages your skin by breaking down collagen and elastin fibers too quickly, leading to dry skin. The condition of your indoor environment is equally as important since air conditioning and central heating create low levels of humidity. Hot baths or showers and harsh soaps and detergents break down barriers and strip your skin of its natural oils. The natural course of aging triggers a gradual loss of extracellular and intracellular fluids causing a decline in the percentage of water your body has. Thyroid disorders cause a reduction in the production of oil glands, resulting in dry skin. Psoriasis and eczema are skin disorders that cause excessively dry skin. Malnutrition and dehydration rob your body of moisture, drying out more than just your skin.

Treatment

Topical treatments of dry skin usually include lotions, creams and moisturizers. Conditions such as psoriasis and eczema may require topical corticosteroids to help reduce the inflammation as well as increase moisture. Avoid showers that are too hot, and use mild soaps and detergents. Humidifiers are excellent for dry climates to restore the humidity levels in the air. Always guard against the sun with sunblock, protective clothing and limiting your time outdoors. Thyroid disorders require lifelong medications in order for your thyroid to work properly. Malnutrition, dehydration and even aging benefit from a healthy diet and adequate amounts of water. Keeping your body healthy and hydrated helps your skin to look its best.

Considerations

Since dry skin can have a variety of causes, contact your doctor to determine your best course of action. Some causes may require more than just over-the-counter products, and your dry skin could be an indication of something more serious.