GERD, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, occurs when the muscular band called the lower esophageal sphincter that encircles the bottom of the esophagus stops working normally. When this happens, acidic stomach contents can move backward into the esophagus, causing the uncomfortable sensation known as heartburn. Over time, MayoClinic.com says GERD can also lead to more serious problems such as breathing difficulties and bleeding. Treatment for GERD begins with diet and lifestyle changes.
Significance
In the 2004 edition of "Heartburn and Reflux for Dummies," writer Carol Ann Rinzler and gastroenterologist Ken DeVault explain that the foods you eat influence GERD symptoms in three ways. First, some foods -- such as cow's milk, coffee and mint -- interfere with the function of the lower esophageal sphincter, so it does not close tightly. Other foods -- especially fatty foods -- increase the amount of acid secreted by the stomach. Finally, some foods -- such as oranges and tomatoes -- irritate the esophagus on their way to the stomach.
Foods to Enjoy
Rinzler and Devault say that grains such as whole wheat bread, crackers, pasta and rice are great choices for GERD sufferers because they absorb acid and digest quickly. Because cow's milk poses a problem, Rinzler and DeVault suggest dairy products made from sheep, goat or soy milks. For protein, GERD sufferers should select lean cuts of meat, poultry and fish. However, preparation counts. GERD sufferers should stick to baking, broiling, braising and steaming and avoid fatty sauces or gravies.
Foods to Avoid
Rinzler and DeVault say to steer clear of highly acidic foods such as orange juice and tomato products. For some people, gas-causing vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, green peppers and corn can cause problems. Dairy products made from cow's milk also trigger reflux, especially higher fat versions such as ice cream and whipping cream. Food and beverages that contain caffeine -- such as coffee, tea, cola, cocoa and chocolate -- also provoke GERD symptoms, as do fatty foods like peanut butter and fried chicken.
Considerations
Diet for GERD sufferers goes beyond the foods you eat. Timing and portion size are also important. Rinzler and DeVault emphasize frequent small meals over few large meals because large meals increase the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. They also suggest that you avoid eating less than three hours before bed and one hour before or two hours after exercise. Even what you wear to meals is important. Rinzler and DeVault say you should avoid tight clothes, especially clothes that constrict the abdomen such as belts and elastic waistbands.
Alternatives
See your doctor if you continue to experience GERD symptoms even after you modify your diet. Your doctor may refer you to a registered dietitian who can troubleshoot your diet and help you adapt the GERD diet to your lifestyle or other medical problems, such as diabetes. Some people require medications to control their GERD. Ask your doctor about long and short-acting medications for GERD flare-ups.
References
- MedlinePlus: GERD
- MedlinePlus: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- "Heartburn and Reflux for Dummies"; Carol Ann Rinzler, M.A. and Ken DeVault, M.D.; 2004
