Harvard Medical School reports that xerostomia -- or dryness in your mouth -- results from a lack of saliva and can put your oral health at risk. In some cases, dry mouth may signal an existing medical condition like diabetes. Recognize the causes and treatments of dry mouth to ensure your well-being.
Significance
Saliva plays a key role in the health of your mouth by washing away plaque and food and prevents the growth of harmful bacteria, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Dry mouth reduces your ability to enjoy the taste of food and limits your ability to swallow. Lack of saliva also increases your risk for gum disease, tooth decay and excessive plaque. Mouth dryness is most often the result of your medication, which is why older adults have an increased chance for the condition.
Identification
Mouth dryness, sores at the corners of your mouth, bad breath and cracked lips are common signs that your body isn't providing enough saliva, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Other signs include thick saliva, bad breath and challenges with speaking or swallowing. Women with dry mouth may notice lipstick sticking to the teeth.
Effects
Harvard Medical School reports that many medications cause dry mouth. Your risk is highest if your doctor has prescribed drugs for high blood pressure, anxiety and depression, incontinence or muscle relaxants. Medications for Parkinson's disease also cause dry mouth, as well as antihistamines and decongestants. Ask your doctor if a dosage change or alternative prescription may be beneficial.
Warning
Your risk for dry mouth increases if you have cancer, as chemotherapy impacts your body's ability to produce saliva. Radiation also damages your salivary glands and reduces saliva. Dry mouth is common in tobacco users, as well as in those who have health conditions like diabetes and HIV/AIDS or who breathe or snore with an open mouth. You may feel symptoms of dry mouth If you have Alzheimer's disease or have experienced a stroke, although in most cases your salivary glands are working properly, says the Mayo Clinic. Injuries that cause nerve damage to your neck or head often lead to dry mouth.
Prevention/Solution
Reduce your risk of dry mouth by avoiding drinks with caffeine and chewing sugar-free gum, as well as foods with high amounts of sugar or acid. Breathe through your nose rather than your mouth and drink plenty of water, says Harvard Medical School. Toothpaste with fluoride and alcohol-free mouthwash also lower your risk of dry mouth, along with adding moisture to the air in your bedroom with a humidifier. Avoid non-prescription decongestants and antihistamines that may increase your discomfort.
Potential
Notify your doctor if you experience long-term dry mouth. Help your doctor identify the cause of your condition by making him aware of your symptoms, as well as any medications, vitamins and supplements. Your doctor may examine your salivary glands and perform blood tests.
Expert Insight
Most drugstores offer non-prescription saliva substitutes. The Mayo Clinic recommends products that contain carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
