Dandruff can affect the hair and scalps of men and women of all ages, though it is most common among infants, middle-aged people and the elderly, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. The Mayo Clinic says that this condition is marked by flaking and itchy skin on your scalp, and while not medically dangerous, dandruff can be uncomfortable and upsetting. A dermatologist can help you determine the right treatment for your condition.
Definition
According to DermNet NZ, dandruff is a type of seborrhoeic dermatitis, which is a scaly skin rash that typically forms on the oily areas of your body, like your face or scalp. Unlike the seborrhoeic dermatitis that can appear on your skin, the skin where dandruff appears is not usually inflamed. The intensity of this condition can range from mild to severe, and it can often fluctuate during your lifetime, as well as with the changes in season.
Causes
Dandruff can result from several causes, and it is more common among those with oily skin. You may develop this condition if your scalp is sensitive to certain hair care products or if you do not shampoo often enough, according to the Mayo Clinic. Illness, stress, harsh weather and a weakened immune system can cause dandruff to flare up as well. DermNet NZ states that a yeast bacteria known as malassezia can also accumulate in excess on the scalp and cause the skin reaction that results in dandruff.
Treatment
While there is no way to cure dandruff, certain shampoos can help control it and lessen the severity of your symptoms. The American Academy of Dermatology says that a dermatologist can suggest over-the-counter shampoos that contain tar, zinc pyrithione, salicylic acid and other ingredients. Used daily, these can soothe the scalp and help stop flaking and itching. If your dandruff is more severe, your doctor may give you a prescription-strength shampoo that contains a stronger concentration of these ingredients.
Considerations
Dandruff can sometimes be mistaken for psoriasis, which is also characterized by flaking and itching of the scalp. However, DermNet NZ notes that the rash caused by psoriasis will often be inflamed, and the skin flakes will be larger and scalier in appearance than those caused by dandruff. Have a dermatologist examine your scalp if you are unsure which condition you have.
Warnings
When left untreated, dandruff may result in partial hair loss, as the dead skin can clog hair follicles and inhibit growth. However, the American Academy of Dermatology says that overusing strong treatment products can cause skin irritation and make dandruff worse, so obey your doctor's shampoo regimen carefully.
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