Brittle, cracked nails -- or onychoschizia -- is a condition in which the nail becomes brittle enough to split and peel, according to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. The condition typically causes nails to peel from the tips in horizontal layers. While this condition can be a result of the aging process, there are other causes that include certain medical conditions.
Significance
Dermatologists say brittle, cracked nails are one of the most common patient complaints, according to the University of Mississippi Health Care . The condition, more often seen in women than in men, has many causes, some more serious than others.
Causes
Brittle, cracked nails may be caused by frequent hand washing and drying, or exposure to harsh chemicals in detergents, cleaning chemicals, nail polish and nail polish remover. Other causes include underlying medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, liver disease, malnutrition, kidney disease, vitamin deficiencies and skin diseases such as psoriasis.
Prevention
If brittle, cracked nails are the result of chemicals or hand washing, wear protective gloves when washing dishes or performing other chores. Purchase cotton-lined gloves, which are more gentle to hands than rubber or latex gloves. Switch to using less-toxic cosmetic and cleaning brands.
Keep your nails short and avoid using nail polish. If you apply nail polish, use a brand with added nylon fibers to strengthen your nails. File the nails with a fine file and round the edges. Refrain from using metal implements on the nail surface.
Treatment
Some natural treatments used to treat brittle, cracked nails include biotin, silicon, horsetail, calcium, iron, vitamin A and zinc supplements. The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology recommends taking 1 mg. of biotin two or three times a day to treat the condition. It may take at least six months to experience results. Apply an emollient cream to nails after washing or bathing to increase moisture. Use a lotion containing lanolin or alpha-hydroxy acids. Consult a doctor before trying natural remedies.
Warnings
Consult your physician to rule out medical causes of brittle, cracked nails. Contact your physician also if you have blue nails, white lines, horizontal ridges or clubbed nails. Do not pick, tear or bite brittle, cracked nails; you'll cause further damage.
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