Lymphedema is swelling, usually in the arms or legs, caused by an obstruction or congestion in the lymph vessels. Damage to the lymph vessels -- whether from surgery, disease or trauma -- is the most common cause. The National Lymphedema Network advises that individuals with lymphedema can do almost any exercise as long as they take precautions, such as working slowly and wearing compression garments on at-risk limbs.
Remedial Exercises
Remedial exercises encourage the flow of lymph by moving the affected limb while applying compression, such as wrapping with a bandage or wearing a compression garment. Remedial exercises should not be performed without compression as doing so may make the condition worse. Arm or leg lifts are simple remedial exercises that can be done almost anywhere. For arm lifts, sit or stand in a comfortable position with the affected arm at your side. Slowly extend your arm overhead, bend and straighten your elbow, then return your arm to your side. Repeat the motion up to 10 times in a slow, controlled manner. For leg lifts, lie on your back with both legs on the floor. Lift the affected leg, with your knee bent so that your shin is parallel to the floor. Extend your foot toward the ceiling, then bend your knee and return your leg to the floor. Repeat up to 10 times in a slow, controlled manner.
Flexibility Exercise
Flexibility exercises preserve range of motion in the affected limb and minimize scarring and joint contractures, according to the National Lymphedema Network. Always stretch slowly and gently, as overly aggressive stretching can make lymphedema worse. Seated forward bends and arm and shoulder stretches are gentle and effectively stretch the affected limb. For seated forward bends, sit on the floor with both legs extended and your hands resting on your thighs. Hinge forward and walk your hands down your legs toward your feet, as far as is comfortable. Hold the stretch for up to 30 seconds, then release. Repeat three times. For shoulder and arm stretches, stand with your feet hips-width apart. Cross your arms behind your back so that your forearms rest on your lower back. Puff out your chest and bring your shoulders back and down. Hold the pose for up to 30 seconds and release. Repeat three times. If you are unable to cross your arms behind your back, hold a towel behind your back instead.
Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart and improves blood and lymph circulation, in addition to maintaining a healthful weight. Lymphedema patients may need to use compression as vigorous aerobic exercise may increase lymph swelling. Lymphedema patients should start slowly, with mild exercise, such as walking on a treadmill or elliptical trainer. Swimming and water aerobics also are beneficial because the water supports body weight and the hydrostatic pressure of the water provides natural compression. Lymphedema patients should warm up for 20 to 30 minutes before aerobic exercise.
References
- National Lymphedema Network: Position Statement - Exercise
- Society for Vascular Surgery: Lymphedema
- MayoClinic.com: Lymphedema
- "Aquatic Exercise Manual"; Aquatic Exercise Association; 2001
