In people without diabetes, the hormone insulin helps glucose -- blood sugar -- enter the cells and act as a source of fuel for the body. In people with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin or the body is not able to use insulin properly. This results in increased blood sugar levels. Physical exercise affects blood sugar levels, so diabetics should educate themselves about the importance of exercise and the safety issues associated with physical activity.
Significance
Exercise helps people with diabetes manage their weight and reduce their blood sugar levels. Physical exercise also reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke, which can be complications of diabetes. The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse explains that consistently high blood sugar levels may cause fatty deposits to build up inside the arteries. This could reduce blood flow and cause hardening of the vessels, also known as atherosclerosis.
Recommended Activity
Most doctors recommend that diabetics perform aerobic exercise, according to FamilyDoctor.org. Aerobic exercise makes the heart beat faster and increases respiration. Examples of aerobic activities include swimming, cycling, running, walking and playing tennis. Those who have diabetic neuropathy -- or nerve problems -- in the feet or legs may have to perform low-impact exercises, such as swimming and chair exercises.
Exercise Footwear
Diabetics have an increased risk for foot ulcers because diabetes increases the amount of time it takes for wounds to heal. Small cuts and blisters have the potential to turn into serious foot ulcers. Without treatment, these ulcers could lead to the amputation of a leg or foot. During physical exercise, wear comfortable shoes that fit well. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends wearing shoes made of leather, canvas or suede instead of shoes made out of plastic. After exercising, diabetics should check their feet for blisters and rough patches of skin caused by the rubbing of shoes against the skin.
Safety Concerns
Regular physical activity makes the body more sensitive to insulin, which could result in low blood sugar after exercising. Signs of low blood sugar include excessive sweating, shakiness and increased heartbeat. If any of these symptoms occur, stop exercising. Consuming glucose tablets, fruit juice, candy, milk, or regular soda helps to increase low blood-glucose levels. Diabetics should check their blood sugar levels before, during and after exercise. MayoClinic.com indicates that a blood sugar level of 100 to 250 mg/dL before exercise represents a safe blood glucose range for most people.
Warning
Starting an exercise program without the supervision of a doctor could cause serious harm, especially if you have been inactive. Before starting a physical exercise routine, discuss your diabetes with your doctor. A physician will review your medical history and list of medications to determine how exercise will affect your blood sugar levels.
