The quadriceps tendon is one of the most important components of a runner's stride, bridging the knee and the quadricep muscles along the thigh. The quadriceps tendon endures plenty of wear and tear from walking; as such, the tendon is vulnerable to a number of outcomes from running, both good and bad. Over-training, improper stride or even a simple misstep can run the risk of injury.
Function
The quadriceps tendon consists of the four quadricep muscles where they join above the kneecap: the vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis and rectus femoris. The tendon attaches these muscles to the kneecap and plays an essential role in straightening the leg. Virtually any leg activity that involves movement of the kneecap requires this tendon.
Causes
Running strengthens the quadriceps tendon, although injury is always a risk. A partial or full tear can result from the compounded stress of thousands of strides over the course of a run. Tearing occurs when the foot lands on the ground with the knee partially bent, rendering the tendon incapable of bearing the force of impact. Running may also cause tendonitis, or inflammation, of the quadriceps tendon.
Symptoms
A partial or full tear of a runner's quadriceps tendon is characterized by a number of signs, the first of which is often a popping sensation. Pain and swelling typically follow. Other potential symptoms of a tendon tear include a visible indentation at the top of the kneecap, bruising, tenderness and cramping.
Identification
A number of issues factor into identifying a quadriceps tendon injury in a runner, such as history of previous running injuries to the tendon or knee and whether the runner has a history of tendonitis in the legs. A medical exam typically includes leg extensions to ascertain the level of difficulty in straightening the knee. Imaging tests like an X-ray or MRI can further confirm or rule out a tear.
Prevention/Solution
Tears to the quadriceps tendon resulting from running have no chance of healing unless the runner takes some time off. A few days of rest and regular ice-pack application are critical to speeding recovery, particularly if the tear is partial. Then, prevention becomes paramount. Pulling each foot up to the buttocks loosens the tendon and accompanying muscles before and after each run. Stretching the ancillary quadriceps muscles also aids in preventing tendon tears. Side lunges and deep forward lunges are two such routines that better strengthen all the quadriceps.
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