Blood pressure readings for children are different from those for adults, and their interpretation is based on the average blood pressure of children of similar gender, age and height. Although 5 out of 100 children have higher than average blood pressure, fewer than 1 out of 100 have higher pressure that signifies a medical problem (hypertension), according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Identification
Average pressure readings for girls and boys are similar. For instance, the average reading for a 5-year-old boy at 50th percentile for height is usually 95/53; the average for a 12-year-old boy at 50th percentile is 106/62. The average reading for a 5-year-old girl at 50th percentile for height is usually 93/54; and 105/62 at age 12.
Significance
A very high blood pressure reading in children is usually a sign of an underlying medical condition such as kidney disease, heart conditions or a nervous system or glandular disorder. Low blood pressure may indicate a condition called neuromediated hypotension that children normally outgrow.
Time Frame
Young children with normal blood pressure readings can develop hypertension as they grow. Blood pressure naturally rises with age, however, so what is normal for a 12 year old may be considered high for an 8 year old.
Diagnosis
Blood pressure readings for children are taken with the same arm cuff method as adults. If either the systolic (pumping) or diastolic (resting) blood pressure reading is above the healthy range for a child's age and gender, hypertension may be diagnosed.
Considerations
If your child has a higher than normal blood pressure reading, the pediatrician will probably recommend cutting back on salt intake, getting involved in more regular physical activity and losing weight, if necessary.
Expert Insight
For early detection of high blood pressure, all children over the age of 3 should have their blood pressure check during a yearly physical exam, according to the American Heart Association.
