Dilantin is a brand name of the generic drug phenytoin. This is an antiepileptic drug used to treat many different types of seizures. Toxicity can range from mild side effects to severe reactions and even death. Reactions tend to be worse with higher doses of the drug, but can occur at any level. Some adverse effects develop over time, whereas others may develop early on in therapy.
Nervous System
This is the most commonly affected system. Dizziness, loss of balance, headaches and slurred speech may develop. Confusion and nervousness can be seen. Nystagmus, an abnormal twitching of the eyeballs, can develop. Movement abnormalities like tremor, loss of coordination, and writhing or uncoordinated movements of the limbs may occur. All of these effects increase the chances of falling. Changes in sensation have been reported in those on Dilantin chronically. Long-term monitoring has raised concerns about the development of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Some patients may display psychosis or delirium. Lethargy or coma indicate severe toxicity.
Gastrointestinal System
Nausea, vomiting, constipation and abdominal pain can develop in those taking Dilantin. As the drug is metabolized in the liver, inflammation or damage to that organ can occur. Liver enlargement or hepatitis may be seen.
Skin
Rashes of various description may develop. These may resemble measles, blisters or other conditions. A potentially life-threatening condition known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been reported. This is characterized by redness, severe illness, fever and shedding of the skin. Enlargement of the lips or gums may develop over time with continued use.
Blood
Dilantin toxicity may be characterized by lowered counts of red or white blood cells or platelets, or all three. Some types of lymphoma, lymph node abnormalities and Hodgkin's disease have been seen. Dilantin has some effect on insulin metabolism and elevated blood sugar may develop.
Immune System
Inflammatory reactions, such as fever and joint aches may appear. There are reports of systemic lupus erythematosus developing in those taking Dilantin.
Cardiovascular
Decreases in blood pressure and/or heart rate may occur during intravenous infusion of the drug. The heart rhythm may also be disturbed.
Bones
Osteomalacia, or softening of the bones, may develop due to Dilantin's effects on vitamin D metabolism.
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