Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, is primarily obtained through sunlight. After being absorbed through the skin, it is converted into the fat-soluble vitamin that is essential to maintaining healthy bones by aiding in building calcium as well as preventing certain diseases and enhancing immune function. It works to metabolize and maintain normal levels of phosphorus and calcium in the body. Vitamin D comes in two forms: ergocalciferol, or vitamin D2, and cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3. Vitamin D is available in certain foods such as fish and eggs or through supplementation. As with any ingested substance, side effects are possible.
Hypercalcemia
The National Library of Medicine indicates the upper limit of daily Vitamin D is 2,000 IU (International Units) for adults and 1,000 IU for children under the age of 12 years. It is difficult to receive toxic amounts through foods or sunlight; however, consuming too much Vitamin D in the form of supplementation can lead to levels over the recommended amount. For example, excess supplementation of Vitamin D can lead to hypercalcemia -- abnormally high calcium levels in the blood. Hypercalcemia can result in complications that include hypertension and chest pain with bradycardia; lethargy, stupor, or even coma; and impaired kidney function leading to possible kidney failure, reports the National Library of Medicine. Additionally, excess vitamin D can cause calcification throughout the body, for example in the heart, circulatory system, kidneys and lungs. Excess calcium from too much vitamin D also may produce calcium deposits in the liver, known as nephrocalcinosis.
Nausea and Vomiting
According to Drugs.com, along with the high levels of calcium, gastrointestinal side effects also may present. For example, nausea may occur with or without vomiting, constipation, and a very dry mouth or metallic taste in the mouth. A drop in appetite may be noticed, which may be associated with some weight loss. Headache and dizziness also have been reported that may be accompanied by a spinning sensation and/or ringing in the ears.
Excessive Thirst and Urination
Excess supplementation if Vitamin D may produce fluid changes in the body. For example, side effects of increased thirst as well as excessive urination may occur. Also, symptoms of pain such as bone or abdominal pain may present. Some individuals experience a generalized sense of muscle weakness and fatigue as well as a reduced libido.
Precautions
In certain cases, safety precautions may be needed. For example, those with a medical history of heart disease, kidney disease, or problems with electrolyte imbalance should consult with a doctor before using Vitamin D supplementation. Also, inform your physician immediately in the case of pregnancy or breast feeding because dosage may need to be adjusted for safety purposes.
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