The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces hormones. A variety of vitamins and minerals can help support thyroid functioning, and individuals can obtain some of these vitamins through diet. Prior to starting a diet or concentrating on adding foods to support thyroid functioning, individuals with thyroid problems should consult a health care professional. Some thyroid medications may not be compatible with all food, and there may be specific dietary guidelines that need to be followed.
Iodine
Iodine helps the body synthesize thyroid hormones, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. Not only is iodine a component of thyroid hormones, it is also necessary for normal thyroid functioning. Foods high in iodine include seafood, certain kinds of seaweed, and some processed foods, due to the added iodized salt. The Linus Pauling Institute lists the iodine content of several foods; 3 oz. of cod contains 99 mg of iodine, 1 g of iodized salt contains 77 mg, a medium baked potato with skin has 60 mg, and 1 cup of cow's milk has 56 mg of iodine. These are general guidelines about iodine content; the actual amount can vary.
Iron and Selenium
According to an study written up in the journal "Thyroid," coexisting iron and selenium deficiencies can impair thyroid function. Eating foods rich in these vitamins and minerals is beneficial to proper thyroid functioning. Foods rich in iron as listed by the American Red Cross include spinach, broccoli, sweet potatoes, whole wheat bread, shrimp, oysters, strawberries, raisins and chicken, among others. Brazil nuts, tuna, beef, cod, turkey, elbow macaroni, eggs and cottage cheese are good sources of selenium and easy to add to the diet.
Zinc
Zinc deficiencies have been linked with lowered thyroid hormone production, says the Nutrition and Food Web Archive. It also supports immune system functioning, helps with wound healing and growth. Dietary sources of zinc include oysters, Alaska king crab, beef shanks, pork shoulder, lobster, cashews, baked beans, chicken leg and yogurt. The body is best able to absorb zinc from shellfish and organ meats, followed by whole grains, nuts and legumes, according to the Nutrition and Food Web Archive. Many foods like cereals have been fortified with zinc, allowing more of the mineral to be consumed.
Iron and Copper
Iron and copper have been linked in promoting healthy thyroid functioning. Iron deficiency has been associated with impaired thyroid functioning, and copper is necessary in small amounts for the body to make thyroid-stimulating hormone, says Marcelle Pick, a certified nurse practitioner, notes Womentowomen.com. Foods containing iron or copper can include beef, oysters, dark chocolate, sunflower seeds, nuts, soybeans, white beans, lentils and spinach.
References
- Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University: Iodine
- PubMed: "Thyroid": The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism:biochemistry and relevance to public health
- American Red Cross: Iron-Rich Foods
- Office of Dietary Supplements: National Institutes of Health: Selenium
- Office of Dietary Supplements: National Institutes of Health: Zinc
- Nutrition and Food Web Archive: Zinc
