The future of any society depends on its ability to take care of the health and well-being of new generations. Today's children will become tomorrow's parents, workers and citizens. Thus, an investment in early childhood development is an investment in the future.
Identification
Early childhood development refers to five primary areas of a child's life from birth through approximately age 4. The social area of early childhood development refers to a child's ability to develop attachments, cooperate, share and play with others and to be able to create lasting relationships. The physical area includes the development of motor skills (such as being able to tie your shoes and throw a ball). The intellectual area of early childhood development involves the process of understanding the world around you. Creative development of music, writing, singing or art is another area of development. Emotional development also takes place during this time, including gaining self-awareness, self-confidence and being able to cope with emotions.
Significance
According to the National Institute for Early Education Research, the U.S. Census Bureau predicts an increasing demand for preschool programs. If welfare recipients are enabled to work more hours, it will increase the need for early childhood development educational opportunities.
Benefits
The National Institute for Early Education Research estimates the average yearly benefits of a universally accessible early childhood education program for ages 3 and 4 to be about $25,000 per child. The estimated cost for each child (taking into consideration a combination of half day, school day and full day programs) is about $9,000 per child each year.
Theories
According to the National Scientific Council Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, "experiences that embed the promotion of literacy and numeracy in a rich environment of age-appropriate social interaction" prepare a child best for life. The council further states how the science of early childhood indicates that preschool curricula should focus on developing the "whole child," not just a child's academic skills.
Prevention/Solution
The Harvard Council also recommends that policies focus on delivering more effective services to the most vulnerable young children. Programs are needed for low-income families who suffer from addiction, HIV/AIDS and otherwise cause disadvantages to children. The council says the best way to prevent people from going to jail and committing crimes is to invest time, money and resources into the early childhood development of each individual.
