There are many different types of cholesterol-lowering drugs. Each one works differently and each has its own unique side effects. Before taking any medications, author Thomas Andreoli in "Cecil Essentials of Medicine" suggests trying behavior modification including diet and exercise to reduce cholesterol levels. When selecting a cholesterol medication, you must assess the potential benefits against the potential side effects. According to MayoClinic.com, most cholesterol medications are effective with minimal side effects. Severity and prevalence of side effects can vary from person to person. Discuss the various types of cholesterol-lowering medications with your physician to determine which one is best suited for your needs.
Statins
The drugs of first choice for elevated cholesterol are statins, or HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. They work by blocking an enzyme that your body needs to make cholesterol. Statin drugs include Zocor, Cestor, Pracholo, Lipitor and Mevacor. Side effects are often minor and can include muscle and joint aches, which are most common, nausea, diarrhea and constipation.
Resins
Resin medications work by binding to bile in the intestines and increasing the fecal release of cholesterol. According to author Andreoli, resins are so safe that they are the only type of cholesterol-lowering medications approved for use in children. They cause only minimal side effects including constipation and abdominal discomfort. Well-known name brand resin medications include Welchol, Cholestid and L-Cholest.
Fibrates
Fibrate medications work to lower triglyceride levels and increase HDL cholesterol levels, according to the "Cecil Essentials of Medicine." Fibrates work by increasing the enzyme that triggers triglyceride metabolism. These medications are beneficial if you have elevated blood triglycerides and cholesterol. Fibrates may cause gallstones, nausea and/or stomach discomfort. Brand name fibrate medications include Tricor and Lofibra.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements are a more natural approach to reducing your cholesterol levels. These supplements are available in prescription and over-the- counter form; however, the FDA does not strictly regulate over-the-counter supplements. Always consult with your doctor before starting a new supplement as certain supplements might interact negatively with other medications you are taking. According to MayoClinic.com, side effects of omega-3 fatty acids are minimal and include belching, a fishy taste in the mouth and an increased risk of infection.
Prescription Niacin
Prescription niacin works by elevating HDL, or "good," cholesterol and decreasing LDL, or "bad," cholesterol, according to MayoClinic.com. Flushing, or redness and heat of the skin, is the main concern of taking regular niacin. You can avoid this by taking aspirin 30 minutes before niacin, according to author Andreoli. Niacin might interact negatively with certain medications or cause adverse reactions if you have certain conditions. Gout is a common side effect of niacin, so if you are susceptible to gout flare-ups, you should modify your diet if taking this medication. Additionally, diabetics should note that niacin can cause high blood sugar. Those with poor glycemic control should stay away from this drug. Stomach discomfort is another common side effect of niacin.
References
- "Cecil Essentials of Medicine"; Andreoli, Thomas, Carpenter, Charles, Griggs, Robert, Loscalzo, Joseph, eds.; 2004
- MayoClinic.com: Cholesterol Medications
- MayoClinic.com: Statins: Are these cholesterol-lowering drugs right for you?
