Underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough hormones to maintain regular body functions. Hypothyroidism is caused by different factors including autoimmune disease, removal of the thyroid gland or iodine deficiency. Fatigue, elevated cholesterol levels and abnormal menstruation in women also are associated with this condition. However, one of the most prominent symptoms is unexplained weight gain. Treating hypothyroidism involves use of prescription synthetic thyroid medications, annual blood testing and managing other health conditions that contribute to the underactive thyroid. According to MayoClinic.com, there is no specific diet plan for a person with hypothyroidism. However, you can eat a healthier diet to prevent further complications and weight gain if you have hypothyroidism.
Step 1
Eat fewer foods containing goitrogens. Goitrogens are chemicals in certain foods and drugs that interfere in proper thyroid functioning. The website Women to Women notes that you do not have to eliminate goitrogen-containing foods from your diet, rather you can learn how to prepare these foods so that less of the compound enters your body. Foods such as broccoli, barley and soy contain goitrogens. These foods are generally healthy for an individual without thyroid problems. To incorporate these foods into your diet without impairing thyroid function, steam the vegetables and limit your weekly intake of soy or barley products. Consult your physician or a nutritionist on the best way to limit goitrogens without resorting to eliminating healthy foods altogether.
Step 2
Pay attention to iodine in your foods. Deficient iodine is associated with low thyroid, however, eating iodine-rich foods alone will not cure hypothyroidism. Iodine is found naturally in many foods and the American Thyroid Association notes the recommended daily intake of iodine is no less than 30 mg and no more than 449 mg. Sources of iodine include bread, yogurt and iodized table salt. Read nutrition labels for iodine content and make sure you are consuming enough without exceeding daily recommended allowances.
Step 3
Consume fiber in small amounts. Fiber is healthy for digestion and in maintaining arterial health. However, if you are on a synthetic thyroid medication, too much fiber in your diet can prevent proper absorption of medication. Continue to eat fibrous foods such as green vegetables, wheat breads and fruits, but limit daily intake. The average servings of fruits, vegetables and grains is four to six in a day. Continue to eat these foods, but halve your servings to prevent complications with your medications. Consult your physician regarding medications and fiber interactions.
Step 4
Follow a heart healthy diet plan. In the event of additional medical conditions such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure or heart problems, follow a diet plan that is healthy for your heart. Hypothyroidism can further complicate existing medical conditions. Eat fewer saturated fats by cutting out red meats and opting for lean chicken or seafood. Decrease portion sizes and eliminate fast food, cakes and sugar-filled foods from your diet. Lower your overall sodium intake and use herbs or spices for flavoring foods. Explore your nutritional needs and options with your physician to follow a meal plan that improves heart and thyroid functions.
Tips and Warnings
- Obtain yearly thyroid blood testing to maintain health. Depression is common in people with hypothyroidism. Consult your physician regarding healthy ways to manage depression without resorting to harmful substances such as alcohol or drugs, which can further complicate your condition.
- Taking too much iodine can worsen thyroid symptoms.
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