Omega-3 & Crohn's

Crohn's disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the bowel. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC, website, Crohn's disease can affect any part of the intestine and may cause ulcers, anal fissures and intestinal obstructions. If you have Crohn's disease, you may experience a variety of symptoms including fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Anti-inflammatory medicines and diet may keep Crohn's disease under control, although some people may require surgery to remove part of the gastrointestinal tract. Some herbs may help to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms, but should never be used alone to treat Crohn's disease.

Types

There are two biologically important omega-3 fatty acids known as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. According to an article published in 2002 in the "British Journal of Nutrition," both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid may have a number of biological activities although their mechanism of action is not fully understood.

Sources

You can obtain omega-3 fatty acids by eating oily fish or taking fish oil supplements. According to MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, trout, tuna, salmon, anchovy, herring and mackerel are particularly rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Fish oil supplements are usually supplied in capsule form but may also be taken as a liquid.

Efficacy

According to MedlinePlus, there is insufficient evidence to show that omega-3 fatty acids can effectively alleviate symptoms of Crohn's disease, although the UMMC website notes that omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce inflammation and maintain remission from Crohn's disease. However, results of research published in June 2010 in the medical journal, "Inflammatory Bowel Disease," suggest that there is not enough evidence to recommend the use of omega-3 fatty acids for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

Side Effects

According to MedlinePlus, taking a fish oil supplement is likely safe for most adults when taken at a dose of 3 g or less daily. However, taking more than 3 g per day may reduce the blood's ability to clot increasing the risk of bleeding. Taking a high dose may also compromise the body's immune system. Common side effects may include heartburn, loose stools and nosebleeds. Some fish may be contaminated with toxic heavy metals including mercury. The UMMC website notes that mackerel, swordfish and shark contain the highest levels of mercury.

Contraindications

Do not take fish oil supplements as a source of omega-3 fatty acids if you have liver disease, bipolar disorder, depression or diabetes. Do not take a fish oil supplement alongside blood pressure-lowering drugs as it may potentiate their effects. People with AIDS or HIV should not take fish oil as it may reduce the body's ability to fight infection.