Fibromyalgia affects about 2 percent of the population. It is a chronic condition that involves widespread pain and fatigue. Fibromyalgia has a variety of complex symptoms that can vary from person to person. Theories and studies abound as researchers try to find a reason for fibromyalgia and what treatments offer the most relief. Exercise is a two-edged sword when it comes to treating fibromyalgia.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia often accompanies other chronic conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic fatigue syndrome. It affects more women than men, and the risk increases with age. Individuals with fibromyalgia typically have sleep disorders, the most common form illustrated by an absence of deep restorative sleep. There is no cure for fibromyalgia and debate about the cause continues as of 2010. Treatments include prescription medications such as antidepressants and muscle relaxants, over-the-counter pain relievers, nutrition and exercise.
Types
There are exercises you can do to help with fibromyalgia symptoms but your tolerance level is something only you can determine. Low-impact exercises such as stretching, yoga, Pilates or walking are excellent for keeping your body conditioned, which can help ease pain and fatigue. It is important that you start slowly and gradually build up your activity level. Too much exercise can make your pain worse. Other activities like light jogging, biking and swimming are also options for those with fibromyalgia. The key to using exercise as treatment is to exercise regularly and not overdo it.
Significance
A 2006 study published in "Medical Hypotheses" reports that low muscle levels of phosphates and abnormalities in microcirculation are found in those with fibromyalgia. The theory is that a decrease in the production of nitric oxide leads to symptoms of fatigue, causing a microcirculation abnormality in muscle tissues. As a result, muscular fatigue and exercise intolerance may develop with fibromyalgia. Another 2006 study published in "Rheumatology International Clinical and Experimental Investigations" reports that muscle fatigability and exercise intolerance are major symptoms of fibromyalgia. This study also looked at abnormalities in muscle microcirculation and energy metabolism in individuals with fibromyalgia. Results also found lower levels of oxygen and phosphates in the muscles but also discovered prolonged recovery times, thus explaining lower exercise tolerance and a longer period of time needed in between exercise routines in those with fibromyalgia.
Expert Insight
A 2009 study published in the "Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain" reviewed the contents and results of programs designed to improve the physical activity of those with fibromyalgia. Most individuals are able to manage low to moderate exercise intensity, though individuals should engage in high exercise intensity cautiously. Low aerobic exercise appears to improve symptoms and overall functioning and moderate to high aerobic exercise improves aerobic capacity. Strength exercises improve muscle strength and any exercise improves mood.
Considerations
Fibromyalgia has a wide variety of symptoms that require differing treatments. Talk with your doctor to determine the best course of treatment for your specific symptoms. Discuss an exercise program to help find your particular tolerance level.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Fibromyalgia
- FamilyDoctor.org: Fibromyalgia and Exercise
- PubMed.gov: Reduced tolerance of exercise in fibromyalgia may be a consequence of impaired microcirculation initiated by deficient action of nitric oxide
- Informa Healthcare: Physical Activity and Body Functions in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
- The National Center on Physical Activity and Disability: Overview of Exercise and Fibromyalgia
- Springer Link: Exercise capacity and oxygen recovery half times of skeletal muscle in patients with fibromyalgia
