IBS, short for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, is a condition affecting the lower GI tract that causes symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, gas and bloating. While not considered the sole cause of IBS, certain foods can worsen symptoms in some people. According to AboutIbs.org, there is no universal diet for treating IBS, as symptoms and causes vary from person to person.
Cramping and Diarrhea
Foods commonly noted for increasing diarrhea and cramping in IBS patients include greasy and fatty foods, dairy products, caffeine and alcohol. Sorbitol---a sugar substitute found in gum and other products---may also trigger diarrhea and cramping, even in those without IBS.
If you find that these foods cause symptoms, try substituting other foods. Soy, rice and nut milks can be used instead of cow's milk, while natural cane sugar, molasses or honey can replace artificial sweeteners like xylitol and sorbitol. Caffeine and alcohol can usually be consumed in moderation unless symptoms are severe. The over-the-counter medication Imodium can provide relief from diarrhea and cramping when these foods cannot be avoided.
Constipation
Constipation is a constant companion for many IBS sufferers. In some cases, foods can make constipation worse by slowing digestion or clogging the bowels.
Foods that can cause constipation include cheese, white flour and low-fiber foods like meats and snack chips. A diet rich in high-fiber foods can decrease constipation in IBS patients. Foods with high-fiber content include whole grains, fruits, vegetables and nuts or seeds. You can also add fiber to your diet by taking a supplement like Fiber Sure or Metamucil. Psyllium seed is another excellent fiber option that can be taken in pill form or added to food and beverages as a powder.
Gas and Bloating
Bloating and gas are common problems for IBS patients. Among the foods notorious for causing gas are beans, broccoli, cabbage, onions and hot or spicy dishes. Carbonated drinks like soda and beer may also cause symptoms for some people and should be limited or avoided altogether. Taking a preventive agent like Beano before meals can reduce symptoms, as can Gas-X and other medications containing simethicone.
Food Allergy and Intolerance
According to FoodAllergy.org, 1-in-25 Americans suffers from one or more food allergies. In addition, many people suffer from undiagnosed sensitivities or intolerances to certain foods, all of which can contribute to IBS symptoms.
Lactose intolerance---the inability to digest the sugar in milk---is a common phenomenon, both in people with and without IBS. Symptoms include gas, bloating, diarrhea and nausea and can be prevented by taking a lactose enzyme or avoiding cow's milk.
Among the most common causes of food allergy and sensitivity are wheat, dairy, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, yeast and eggs. The best way to pinpoint your food allergies is by taking a food allergy or sensitivity test, which can be administered by a physician or immunologist. Keeping a journal of the foods you eat and the symptoms experienced can also be helpful in determining which foods are causing trouble.
Warning
While minor dietary changes are generally considered safe, drastic changes in eating habits can lead to nutrient deficiencies and other problems. To reduce the risk of potentially harmful effects, talk to your doctor before trying an IBS diet or medication.
