Proteins are the most abundant compounds in your blood, responsible for building cell tissues and transporting hormones, vitamins, minerals and lipids. A total protein test is a way of measuring the combined amount of these substances. MedlinePlus notes that although the test looks for all proteins in your blood, it specifically focuses on albumin and globulin. If total protein is elevated, further tests must be done to ascertain which protein is abnormal. Many conditions, ranging from minor to serious, can cause elevated total protein.
Total Protein Test Features
In a total protein test, blood is drawn through a needle and put in a centrifuge to separate the liquid serum from the blood cells; the test is performed on the serum. According to drkaslow.com, four measurements are checked: the level of total protein, the level of albumin -- which keeps fluid from leaking from blood vessels -- the globulins -- which are part of the immune system-- and the ratio of albumin to globulin. According to Lab Tests Online, a total protein test can indicate if you are malnourished, or if you have have kidney disease, liver disease, edema, or certain types of cancer.
Elevated Total Protein Considerations
According to MedlinePlus, a normal level of total protein is between 6.0 and 8.3 g per deciliter. MayoClinic.com notes that elevated total protein can be a sign of chronic inflammation or infection, and also is associated with bone marrow diseases. Elevated total protein also ca indicate amyloidosis, a disease in which amyloid proteins build up in your organs, as well as a condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, which causes abnormal protein in blood but is usually benign. Multiple myeloma, a cancer of the white blood cells in bone marrow, also causes elevated total protein. MedlinePlus notes that still other causes include AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis B or C, dehydration, diarrhea and vomiting.
Elevated Albumin
Elevated levels of albumin can cause high total protein levels. According to drkaslow.com, high levels of albumin can be caused by dehydration, congestive heart failure and tumors that produce extra cortisol-like compounds. Elevated albumin also can be congenital.
Globulins
Elevated levels of globulins can cause high total protein as well. Drkaslow.com notes that the proper albumin-to-globulin ratio is 2 to 1. Conditions such as cirrhosis of the liver, ulcerative colitis, and kidney dysfunction can cause elevated globulins.
Other Factors That Raise Total Protein
Certain medications, including anabolic steroids, androgens, corticosteroids, growth hormones, insulin and progesterone, can raise the total protein level in your blood serum. MedlinePlus adds that levels also can be increased by pregnancy. According to Lab Tests Online, prolonged application of the tourniquet used in performing a blood test also can raise total protein levels.
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