Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered "bad cholesterol" because it sticks to the arteries, which can cause heart disease. LDL is present in foods containing saturated fats and trans fats.
Significance
Low rates of LDL in the body are not harmful, while higher rates can be more dangerous. For example, a reading of 100 milligrams per deciliter is considered optimal, while a reading of 190 milligrams per deciliter is considered high. Any reading in between still places the patient at risk for heart disease.
Effects
High levels of LDL in the blood can cause atherosclerosis, heart attack, clogged arteries, stroke and other heart problems.
Prevention/Solution
LDL levels can be lowered by eating foods that contain high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol, including bran, oatmeal, olive oil and fish that contains omega-3 fatty acids.
Expert Insight
The Mayo Clinic suggests quitting smoking and losing weight to help lower LDL cholesterol levels in addition to eating foods containing HDL.
Considerations
Medications can lower LDL in patients with dangerously high levels, although exercise and good diet are recommended while taking these medications.
