Diclofenac sodium is a type of prescription medication classified as a NSAID or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is indicated to relieve pain and inflammation in a variety of conditions and diseases, such as arthritis, by inhibiting the release of certain chemicals in the body. Diclofenac sodium should be used with caution as potentially severe side effects may occur in some individuals.
Mild and Serious Side Effects
More common and less serious side effects of diclofenac sodium include an upset stomach and mild stomach pain, headache and dizziness, itchy skin or rash, ringing in the ears, blurry vision and gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, constipation and bloating. Call a doctor if any serious side effects occur such as chest pain, slurred speech, shortness of breath, black or blood stools, coughing up blood or coffee grind-looking material, purple spots on the skin, yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, seizures and muscle pain or weakness, according to Drugs.com.
Cardiovascular Risk
NSAIDs increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke which may be fatal, according to Rxlist.com. This risk is increased the longer diclofenac sodium is used as well as in individuals with heart disease. High blood pressure may develop or worsen while taking diclofenac sodium, which contributes to the increased cardiovascular events risk. It is important to monitor blood pressure closely during diclofenac sodium use. Signs and symptoms of heart or circulation problems include chest pain, shortness of breath, slurred speech, weakness and vision or coordination problems, according to Drugs.com.
Gastrointestinal Risk
NSAIDs like diclofenac sodium also increase the risk of severe gastrointestinal problems, particularly to the stomach or intestines. Adverse gastrointestinal events may include inflammation, bleeding, ulcers and perforations in the lining of the stomach or intestines. According to Rxlist, these events can be fatal and may occur at any time without warning; only 1 in 5 patients who develop serious gastrointestinal problems exhibit symptoms. Older adults are at an increased risk of developing serious gastrointestinal events. Signs and symptoms include black or bloody stools and coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grinds, according to Drugs.com.
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