Vitamin D is important because it helps the body absorb calcium, which is necessary for many functions in the body. In addition, it regulates phosphorus levels. Vitamin D can be found in dairy foods and fish, and many products are fortified with it. Exposure to sunlight can also help to meet daily needs. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to osteoporosis or osteomalacia in adults and to rickets in children. If you suspect a vitamin D deficiency, it is important to seek medical attention and to understand the underlying causes of vitamin D deficiency so you can avoid problems when possible.
Poor Diet
Vitamin D can be found in many products, so a well-balanced diet should meet daily requirements. However, those with poor eating habits and persons who are elderly or obese may not be getting enough, states the Mayo Clinic. Obesity raises the risk because vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning it is stored in fat cells. Individuals with a high percentage of fat may be storing vitamin D instead of releasing it into the body.
In general, the goal is 200 IU vitamin D daily for people under age 50; 400 IU for those between 50 and 70; and 600 IU for those older than 70. A physician can perform a simple blood test to determine if a deficiency exists and then make recommendations on dietary changes or supplements. Fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel and fish liver oils are among the best sources, as well as fortified foods.
Limited Sun Exposure
Too little sun exposure can also contribute to a vitamin D deficiency. The Office of Dietary Supplements reports that not enough research exists to identify exactly how much sun exposure is needed; what is known is that too much can be dangerous to health. Sunscreen, sunglasses and protective clothing should be worn to limit UV exposure.
However, individuals who live in areas with limited hours of sunlight or in high smog areas, those who spend a lot of time indoors and dark-skinned individuals may not get enough sun exposure. In these cases, it is essential to make sure foods rich in vitamin D are included in the daily diet.
Breastfeeding
Human milk does not contain adequate amounts of vitamin D, and infants need extra protection against the sun. This means infants who are breastfed may be at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, warns the Office of Dietary Supplements. For infants who are breastfed exclusively, a physician may recommend supplements. Breastfed babies who have dark skin are at an even higher risk and need to be monitored carefully.
Intestinal Diseases
Individuals who have fat malabsorption syndromes or intestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, colitis and Crohn's disease are at risk for not getting enough vitamin D because the body is not absorbing food properly, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. Patients who have had intestinal surgery are at an especially high risk. Patients with any of these conditions should speak with a health care provider about supplements.
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