Crohn's disease belongs to a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel diseases. Crohn's disease is characterized by the inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, but according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, it usually affects the lower part of the small intestine, called the ileum.
Causes
The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but different theories have been proposed. The most widely accepted theory is that the inflammation occurs as a result of an abnormal immune system response. It is believed that the immune system reacts abnormally to bacteria, food and other substances present in the digestive tract. MayoClinic.com also notes that genetics appear to play a role in the development of Crohn's disease.
Symptoms of Crohn's Disease
The characteristic symptoms of Crohn's disease include diarrhea and abdominal pain, which is usually located in the lower right portion of the abdomen. Some people with Crohn's disease may also experience weight loss, rectal bleeding, arthritis, skin problems and fever. The National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse notes that if rectal bleeding is severe, it can lead to anemia.
Development of B-12 Deficiency
There are several reasons that someone with Crohn's disease may develop a vitamin B-12 deficiency. One reason is that chronic diseases like Crohn's disease increase the body's needs for various nutrients, including vitamin B-12. In addition, people with Crohn's disease often have a decreased appetite, which leads to under-eating. The chronic diarrhea associated with Crohn's disease also leads to poor absorption of nutrients like vitamin B-12.
Symptoms of B-12 Deficiency
Initial symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency include fatigue and shortness of breath. As the deficiency worsens, it can cause dizziness, headache, pale skin and gums, chest pain and coldness in the hands and feet. Digestive symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency include nausea, vomiting, heartburn, bloating, gas, constipation, diarrhea and weight loss. If a vitamin B-12 deficiency is left untreated, it can also cause damage to various nerves. Nerve damage may cause tingling and numbness in the hands and feet, difficulty walking, loss of balance, muscle weakness, confusion, depression and memory loss, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
Prevention
In order to prevent the development of a vitamin B-12 deficiency, it is important to make sure you consume enough of the nutrient on a daily basis. Because Crohn's disease increases your nutrient needs as well as decreases nutrient absorption, your needs may be higher than normal. It may be beneficial to talk to your health-care provider or a nutritionist to determine your specific needs.
