Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, often abbreviated as "ADHD" affects from three to 7 percent of school-aged children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is a neurological disorder, distinct from the distractability, rebelliousness and high-energy behavior seen occasionally in normal children. ADHD is characterized by chronic inattentiveness and problems with impulse control. Some supplements may be beneficial. However, if your child's behavior and attention problems are persistent or severe, consult a qualified health care practitioner.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids, most abundantly found in fatty fish such as mackerel, salmon and lake trout, are crucial for human health. In addition to reducing high blood pressure and protecting the cardiovascular system, they play an important role in regulating cognitive and behavioral functions. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, a study of approximately 100 boys found more behavioral and learning issues in those with low omega-3 fatty acid levels in their bloodstreams. This observation suggests that omega-3 rich fish oil supplements may be beneficial for ADHD and related disorders. Studies on the benefits of omega-3 supplementation for ADHD have so far yielded mixed results. However, the University of Maryland Medical Center says that boosting consumption of omega-3s is a reasonable approach for ADHD patients. Bloating, belching and diarrhea are potential side effects of fish oil supplements.
Pine Bark Extract
An extract produced from the bark of a pine tree exclusively found in coastal France may prove to be an effective supplement for ADHD symptoms. Natalie Sinn of the University of South Australia's Nutritional Physiology Research Centre describes a study in which children with ADHD were randomized into two groups. One group received 1 mg/kg body weight of pine bark extract while the other group received an inactive placebo. The children in the pine bark extract group showed statistically significant improvements in hyperactivity, concentration, motor coordination and attention. Because studies on pine bark extract are still preliminary, more research is necessary before it can be widely recommended for ADHD.
Zinc
In an article published in the "International Journal of Pediatrics" researchers at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver report that ADHD may be associated with low levels of zinc. The authors state that zinc plays an important role in the regulation of dopamine and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters involved with mood and motivation. The Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University advises that zinc is naturally present in shellfish, beef, and other red meats, but that infants and children are among the populations at risk for zinc deficiencies. Consult your child's pediatrician about whether zinc supplements should be added to your child's regimen.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- "Nutrition Reviews"; Nutritional and Dietary Influences on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; N. Sinn; October 2008
- International Journal of Pediatrics: Nutritional Status of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
