The tongue is a muscle that assists with chewing, tasting and speaking. The normal appearance of a tongue is pink with small taste buds on the top surface. Black bumps on the tongue -- also referred to as black tongue or hairy tongue -- is a harmless condition with a variety of causes. The tongue may cause concern for the affected individual, but is easily treatable and does not usually signify a health threat. Consult a physician regarding your individual situation.
Causes
Medications such as antibiotics, medications containing bismuth and antidepressants may cause the condition. An overgrowth of bacteria trapped on the tongue from poor oral hygiene may cause black bumps on the tongue. Using mouthwashes containing witch hazel or peroxide and smoking tobacco may cause the condition.
Symptoms
With black tongue, the taste buds, also called papillae, on the surface of the tongue look black. The tongue may also have a yellow or white growth on the surface. The area of black occurs most often on the front two-thirds of the tongue. The tongue may also appear hairy or furry. Additional symptoms of a black, hairy tongue include bad breath and a metallic taste in the mouth.
Risk Factors
Individuals who take certain medications that cause black tongue, who smoke or who do not practice good oral hygiene are at risk for developing the condition. Additional people at risk for black spots on the tongue include people who are dehydrated, who do not eat a healthy, balanced diet, or who are chronically ill.
Treatment and Prevention
Practicing good oral hygiene can help prevent black bumps on the tongue. Brushing the tongue and teeth twice a day and after eating may help prevent black tongue. Flossing daily will help remove any trapped food and bacteria from between the teeth and help prevent black spots. Visiting a dentist for routine cleanings and examinations twice a year will keep the mouth healthy. Decreasing the use of products that cause black tongue such as smoking tobacco and mouthwash may help treat the condition. Eating a healthy diet with fruits and vegetables may help decrease the risk the risk of developing black tongue.
Considerations
Although black bumps will generally go away with time and proper oral hygiene, if the condition persists, consult a dentist of physician. A biopsy or tongue scraping may help determine the cause of the black tongue.
