A progesterone intrauterine device, or IUD, is a form of hormonal birth control that is inserted directly through a woman's cervix by a medical professional. Once placed, the IUD releases progesterone, which helps prevent pregnancy for up to 12 months in women who choose this method of birth control. Talk with your doctor about the side effects of the progesterone IUD before selecting this form of birth control.
Irregular Vaginal Bleeding
The most common side effect associated with the progesterone IUD is irregular vaginal bleeding between your normal menstrual cycles, according to the North Dakota Health Department. Unusual vaginal bleeding, also called spotting, is usually light but may be bothersome. You may also notice that your normal menstrual period is lighter than usual though it may last for a longer amount of time. These side effects generally subside within the first several months following insertion of the progesterone IUD. If you experience persistent or heavy vaginal bleeding that is not associated with your normal menstrual period, seek additional care from your doctor.
Abdominal Cramping or Pain
You may experience uncomfortable abdominal cramping or pain upon insertion of the progesterone IUD. Sensations of discomfort may persist for several days and may range in severity from mild to severe. You may also develop more painful menstrual periods as a side effect of this type of birth control method. Abdominal cramping may be associated with abdominal swelling or an upset stomach side effect, such as nausea. Alert your medical provider immediately if you experience sharp or severe pain during IUD insertion. Additionally, if abdominal cramping or painful periods persist or become intolerable, talk with your physician.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Insertion of an IUD may increase your risk of developing a severe infection called pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, according to a June 2006 article published in "U.S. Pharmacist." PID occurs when bacteria infect your entire reproductive tract. If you develop PID, you may not experience noticeable symptoms. Certain women may develop lower abdominal or pelvic pain, irregular vaginal bleeding, flu-like symptoms, urination pain, lower back pain or unusually heavy or odorous vaginal discharge. Left untreated, PID may cause permanent damage to your reproductive organs and may cause infertility. Consult your doctor for proper evaluation and care if you develop symptoms of PID.
