Vitamin B2 is one of eight "B" vitamins used by the body. Also known as riboflavin, vitamin B2 is involved in numerous metabolic processes, including cell growth, cell function and energy production. Although vitamin B2 is readily available in most foods, it is also commonly included in multivitamins and other supplements. Vitamin B2 is generally safe, and supplements may be considered for individuals at risk of developing a riboflavin deficiency.
Dietary Vitamin B2
Riboflavin can be obtained from a variety of dietary sources, including meats, dairy, grains and vegetables. According to the Linus Pauling Institute, the recommended daily intake of vitamin B2 for adults is 1.1 to 1.3 mg/day. Children need smaller amounts, while nursing and pregnant women have increased needs.
Function
Riboflavin is a vital component of flavoco-enzymes and flavoproteins, which are responsible for many metabolic processes within the body. Riboflavin assists in converting carbohydrates into glucose for energy. In addition, vitamin B2 is also involved in the metabolism of fats and proteins. Although generally safe, higher doses of vitamin B2 can cause itching, numbness and light sensitivity. Severe side effects are unlikely with vitamin B2 supplementation.
Antioxidant
Oxidative stress occurs when the presence of free radicals threatens cells and tissues. Vitamin B2 is a vital component of the glutathione redox cycle, which helps to eliminate free radicals. Vitamin B2 also assists in the formation of uric acid, an important antioxidant found in the blood.
Cell Health
Vitamin B2 has been studied for additional benefits in cellular health. Vitamins used for eye health to slow macular degeneration usually include riboflavin. Preliminary studies also have suggested that vitamin B2 may help patients who suffer from cataracts and migraines. Vitamin B2 deficiency also has been associated with anemia. The exact mechanism of benefit is unknown, and the data so far have been inconclusive.
Vitamin B2 Deficiency and Toxicity
Vitamin B2 deficiency can lead to health disorders, including anemia and high blood pressure in pregnant women. Symptoms may include sore throat, cracked lips, mouth sores and dermatitis. Alcoholics and anorexics are at increased risk of developing vitamin B2 deficiencies. Vitamin B2 deficiency can be treated with supplements. Patients should contact a physician if they have concerns regarding vitamin B2 deficiency. The risk of vitamin B2 toxicity is low, and few adverse effects have been reported. Because vitamin B2 is water soluble, excess riboflavin is simply eliminated by the kidneys.
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