According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the Achilles tendon is not only the largest tendon in the body, but one that is rather vulnerable to sprains and strains because it takes a great deal of force every single day. Fortunately, treating an injury to the Achilles tendon is often successful without having to resort to surgery.
Rest
Resting the injured foot is often the first line of defense when treating an Achilles tendon. However, because the Achilles tendon is active during any type of weight-bearing and foot movement, this may not simply mean avoiding sports activities. Resting an Achilles tendon can involve remaining off the foot, depending on how serious the injury is. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, rest is usually recommended for at least a week, though it may be longer for more serious injuries.
Ice
Ice can decrease swelling in and around the Achilles tendon. When combined with rest and foot elevation, it can help the sprain or strain to heal faster. Ice is also a topical analgesic, meaning it can reduce pain and discomfort simply by applying it to the foot. Ice may be applied to the Achilles tendon area for short periods several times a day, or it may remain on for hours at a time, depending on the severity of the injury.
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, are often suggested for conservative treatment of an Achilles tendon injury. NSAIDs include ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen, among others. They are available in both an over-the-counter forms or in prescription forms if a stronger dose is needed. NSAIDs reduce pain and decrease swelling by inhibiting the production of certain chemicals in the body. NSAIDs may be combined with other Achilles tendon treatments such as ice and rest.
Casts or Boots
According to the National Institutes of Health, the use of a boot or cast is sometimes necessary after an Achilles tendon injury. Wearing a walking boot can help control weight bearing when rest is not an option and crutches will not work. A cast may also be used on its own or in combination with a walking boot. Both boots and casts can also help to keep swelling under control.
Physical Therapy
After an Achilles tendon injury, a doctor may make a referral to a physical therapist (PT). A PT is skilled in range of motion exercises, massage or even therapeutic modalities such as ultrasound or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). The combination of these approaches can help strengthen the muscles that support the ankle, making the Achilles tendon more stable and less vulnerable to further injury. They can also help to keep pain under control. PT treatment may be used alone or in combination with any of the other conservative treatment approaches.
