The human eye is a sensory organ that promotes vision by detecting the light coming from different objects and images. Eye diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma and retinal disorders, can affect the functioning of the eye. They may lead to minor damage of the eye or cause permanent loss of vision. Treatment depends on the cause and may include medication and surgery. Some vitamins may help repair and maintain healthy eyes.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that, according to MedlinePlus, has traditionally been known to promote good vision, especially in low light. Beta-carotene is a component of vitamin A that protects the eye cells from the damage caused by harmful free radicals formed as a result of various metabolic processes in the body. The Linus Pauling Institute further states that even a mild deficiency of vitamin A can lead to a condition known as Bitot's spots that causes changes in the conjunctiva and blurred vision. A more severe deficiency of the vitamin can lead to dry eye resulting in corneal ulcers, scarring and blindness. Consuming meat, fish oil, eggs, milk products, carrots, pumpkin, pink grapefruit, broccoli, spinach, and most dark green, leafy vegetables can help avoid a vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A supplements can also be purchased at most local pharmacies without a prescription. However, it is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully as an overdose of vitamin A can lead to dizziness, headache and bone pain.
B Vitamins
B vitamins are group of eight vitamins that are essential for various cellular metabolic processes and red blood cell formation. Fish, poultry, meat, dairy products, green leafy vegetables, beans and legumes are good sources of B vitamins, along with B-complex multivitamin supplements. A study published in the February 2009 edition of the "Archives of Internal Medicine" states that women who took a combination of folic acid, B6, B-12 supplements had a 35 to 40 percent lower risk of developing age-related macular degeneration of the eye, which is the most common cause of vision loss.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is a water soluble antioxidant vitamin that has the ability to neutralize harmful free radicals. As per an article published by American Optometric Association, vitamin C can delay the onset of conditions such as cataract and age-related macular degeneration, which can lead to vision loss. Vitamin C also promotes the development, repair and maintenance of retinal blood vessels. Vitamin C can be found in citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and peppers, and in synthetic supplements. However, an overdose of vitamin C, especially from synthetic sources, can lead to upset stomach and diarrhea; hence, it is best to talk to a doctor before taking them.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is another fat-soluble vitamin found in dairy products, fish, oysters and fortified cereals. The human body can also produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency can also take supplements, although caution should be taken as an overdose of the vitamin can lead to kidney stones, vomiting and muscle pain. Apart from promoting healthy bones, a report published in the May 2007 edition of the "Archives of Ophthalmology" also states that vitamin D along with omega-3 fatty acids can delay age-related damage of retina, thereby, preventing blindness.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is another antioxidant vitamin that can help prevent cataract formation and macular degeneration of the eye. The American Optometric Association also states that vitamin E can protect the eye cells from free radical damage and foods such as wheat germ, olives, nuts and corn are the best sources of the vitamin. Although, vitamin E supplements are available, their chronic use may increase the risk of death and, hence, are not recommended unless prescribed by a physician.
References
- Linus Pauling Institute: Vitamin A
- "Archives of Internal Medicine"; Folic Acid, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin Combination Treatment and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Women The Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study; William G. Christen et al; February 2009
- American Optometric Association: Vitamin C
- "Archives of Ophthalmology"; Association Between Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 Through 1994; Niyati Parekh et al; May 2007
- American Optometric Association: Vitamin E
- MedlinePlus: Vitamin A
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