High cholesterol increases your risk of developing heart disease and experiencing a heart attack or stroke. According to the Harvard Medical School, high cholesterol affects approximately 50 million Americans. Every specific case of high blood cholesterol differs, so medications and combinations of medications may vary from person to person. The most commonly prescribed medication, however, is called a statin.
Physiology
Almost all of the cells in your body have the ability to make cholesterol; however, the liver produces the most. The liver converts a variety of substances in the body into cholesterol and then sends the cholesterol to other areas of the body. Statins work by blocking one of the substances that the liver uses to make cholesterol. When the liver cannot make cholesterol, it pulls existing cholesterol from the bloodstream. Statins also help the body reabsorb the cholesterol that has already accumulated on the arterial walls.
Dosage
The body synthesizes more cholesterol at night then during the course of the day, according to The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Because of this, statins are usually taken at night. Statins are taken in a single dose, either during dinner or immediately before bedtime. Results typically start to show in four to six weeks.
Side Effects
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute notes that most people tolerate statins well, but occasionally the medication can cause some side effects. Possible side effects are usually mild and include upset stomach, gas, constipation and abdominal cramps. Some people experience muscle abnormalities, including sore muscles, muscle pain and muscle weakness.
Brand Names
There are currently six types of statins available on the market. Statin choices include atorvastatin, which is sold under the brand name Lipitor, fluvastatin sold under the brand name Lescol, lovastatin, which is sold under the brand names Altoprev and Mevacor, pravastatin sold under the brand name Pravachol), rosuvastatin sold under the brand name Crestor and simvastatin, which is sold under the brand name Zocor. It is important to work closely with your doctor to determine which choice is right for you.
Considerations
MayoClinic.com notes that even though statins are available, the best way to lower high cholesterol levels is through proper diet and lifestyle. In addition to medication, you should be consuming a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and exercising regularly. It is important to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol intake as well.
