Irritable bowel syndrome is a digestive disorder that affects the area of the large intestine called the colon. The condition is characterized by abdominal pain, cramps, bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation. Irritable bowel syndrome can usually be controlled with the proper diet and lifestyle changes. According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, approximately 20 percent of Americans experience irritable bowel syndrome.
Causes
The exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to occur as a result of abnormal intestinal contractions. Those who experience constipation experience slow, intermittent contractions, while those with experience diarrhea have intense and frequent contractions. The cause of the abnormal contractions is unknown. Unlike other digestive diseases, irritable bowel syndrome does not cause any permanent damage to the intestines.
Fiber
Because those with irritable bowel syndrome may experience alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea, fiber can sometimes be beneficial or may exacerbate symptoms. Fiber can help reduce constipation and help you have a bowel movement, but it may increase abdominal gas and cramping that is associated with diarrhea.
Fiber Supplement
According to MayoClinic.com, some people with irritable bowel syndrome are able to tolerate fiber supplements better than high-fiber foods. Fiber supplements, also referred to as bulk-forming laxatives, absorb water in the intestine in order to make the stool softer and easier to pass. They are considered the safest type of laxative, but must be taken with adequate amounts of water or they can cause an intestinal obstruction. It is best to introduce fiber supplements gradually. Too much fiber at one time can worsen symptoms. Fiber supplements are usually available in powder or capsule form.
Considerations
Fiber supplements are the only type of laxative that is considered safe for long-term use. Other laxatives can lead to a condition called lazy bowel syndrome, which is characterized by decreased bowel contractions. This condition can make constipation worse and cause the body to rely solely on laxatives to have a bowel movement. The use of other types of laxatives should be short-term.
Other Treatment
In addition to adding fiber or fiber supplements to the diet, medications may also be used to treat irritable bowel syndrome. Two medications, alosetron and lubiprostone, are specifically approved for irritable bowel syndrome. These medications relax the colon and help improve symptoms. Anticholinergic medications, which relieve bowel spasms, may also be used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
