Dandruff causes a flaky, itchy scalp, and while this condition is not contagious, it can be uncomfortable and embarrassing. You cannot cure dandruff, but you can lessen your symptoms by washing your hair with a medicated shampoo. These products contain active ingredients designed to treat your scalp problems and control itching and flaking. Consult a dermatologist if you are unsure which product is best for your condition.
Function
According to MayoClinic.com, all dandruff shampoos work to rid your scalp of the excess oil and buildup of dead skin cells that characterize this condition. You may need to wait a few weeks for your treatment to take effect, and you may also have to try different types of products to find the one that works for you. When you use the right shampoo, the flaking and itching on your scalp will subside.
Zinc Pyrithione
Zinc pyrithione is the active ingredient found in many types of over-the-counter dandruff shampoos. This medication acts as both an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and it slows down the growth of microorganisms on your scalp. It also lessens the amount of fungus on your skin that can cause dandruff and similar conditions, such as scalp psoriasis. In addition, zinc pyrithione improves the texture and shine of your hair, as well as controls any unpleasant odor that your scalp may emit.
Coal Tar
Coal tar comes from the process of manufacturing coal, and shampoos that contain it can help treat dandruff. This ingredient slows down the rate at which the skin cells on your scalp die, which cuts down on flaking. It can also lessen the itching and inflammation associated with dandruff. However, if you have blond or gray hair, coal tar may temporarily discolor your hair, and it can also stain your clothing. This ingredient can also increase your scalp's sensitivity to sunlight. Take precautions before going outdoors, such as applying scalp sunscreen and wearing a hat.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is a medicine known as a keratolytic, which treats flaky skin conditions by making the dead skin easier to remove. It softens the keratin that binds your skin cells and then penetrates deeply into your scalp to lessen scaling. It is often found in a scrub for your scalp, but this can cause dryness and possibly more flaking. To avoid stripping your scalp of moisture, MayoClinic.com recommends using a conditioner in conjunction with the salicylic acid shampoo.
Considerations
To get the most out of your dandruff shampoo, use it every day until your symptoms subside, and then reduce your application to three times a week. Massage the shampoo into your wet hair and scalp for five minutes to allow the medication to absorb. If your dandruff does not improve after you use an over-the-counter shampoo for two weeks, talk to a physician about prescription treatments.
