The effect of birth control pills on running performance is open to debate. Some women report improved performance while taking oral contraceptives, while others cite problems. As research continues to examine the discrepancy, women runners can rely on medical advice and their own experience in the meantime to determine whether to take birth control pills while training or racing.
Function
Birth control pills are taken daily to help prevent pregnancy by releasing hormones that prevent a woman's ovaries from releasing eggs, according to Planned Parenthood. Hormones also thicken a woman's cervical mucus, thereby blocking sperm. Their noted effectiveness make birth control pills a highly preferred form of contraception for many women.
Time Frame
Women who frequently race must deal with timing issues when it comes to birth control pills. Since oral contraceptives reduce menstrual flow, many runners prefer to take them prior to a race, according to Dr. Cathy Fieseler. However, starting birth control too near to a race might not reduce menstrual flow in time, since several cycles are often necessary to control menstrual bleeding.
Effects
The effects of birth control pills on running are varied. Some athletes have reported reduced muscle endurance, while others cited a lower rate of injury. Some studies have even discovered increased protection from bone loss as a result of taking oral contraceptives. Runners who prefer to reduce menstrual flow during competitive running can see their cycles decline to four per year, according to Dr. Cathy Fieseler.
Prevention/Solution
Runners who prefer not to take birth control pills have a number of options. To lower menstrual flow, anti-inflammatory medications can be taken a few days before the onset of menses, according to Dr. Cathy Fieseler. Barrier forms of contraception, such as diaphragms and spermicidal jelly, also are effective alternatives for runners.
Expert Insight
Women are recommended to consult with their doctors to better understand the potential risks and rewards of taking oral contraceptives while training or racing. A health care provider can help ascertain not only whether a runner should take the medication, but also in what dose and how frequently. Such expert insight can pave the way to the best running possible.
