Niacin, also known as vitamin B-3, is one of eight B vitamins used by your body. All B vitamins are responsible for converting carbohydrates into glucose, metabolizing fats and proteins and maintaining healthy skin, hair, eyes, liver and nervous system function. In addition, niacin assists your body in reducing blood cholesterol levels, improving circulation and producing sex and stress-related hormones in the adrenal glands and throughout your body. In some cases, such as high cholesterol, your doctor may determine that you require supplemental niacin.
Flushing
One of the most common side effects experienced with taking niacin is flushing, or sudden skin redness and warmth. Although it is harmless, it can be annoying. You may avoid this side effect by taking niacin right before bed with a low-fat snack or swallowing an aspirin about 30 minutes prior to the dose of niacin. You may also start niacin in low doses and then slowly escalate the dose over time. If you are taking niacin for your cholesterol, you should avoid over-the-counter supplements labeled as "no-flush niacin," as this form will not lower cholesterol. Ask your doctor if some of these options to eliminate flushing are appropriate for you.
Liver Damage
In some cases, niacin may cause liver damage. To prevent this, your doctor will perform blood tests to monitor liver function while you are taking niacin. Report yellowing of the skin or eyes to your doctor immediately and do not take niacin if you have a history of liver disease.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Common gastrointestinal side effects caused by niacin include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In most cases, a reduction in dosage can alleviate these symptoms, so report these side effects to your doctor right away. Stomach ulcers have also been reported, but this is not common.
Serious Side Effects
Severe heartburn, dizziness, fainting, rapid heartbeat and difficulty breathing are serious side effects of niacin. If you experience these symptoms or anything else unusual, report it to your doctor immediately.
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