Chemical peels, such as a lactic acid, remove the outer layers of the epidermis, or skin, to help improve skin quality and reduce small imperfections. Not all lactic acid peels will have the same ingredients and some will combine various acids to enhance the peel performance. A lactic acid peel is not meant to be deep and remove several layers of skin. It is a mild formula that, according to website LaraChem Inc., works well for those with sensitive skin and medical problems such as Rosacea.
Lactic Acid
Lactic acid, or milk acid, is an alpha-hydroxy that comes from milk. Alpha-hydroxy products are carboxylic acids that occur naturally in nature. To create the lactic acid for a peel, manufacturers ferment the lactose in milk. The purpose of this ingredient is exfoliation dead skin cells. Skin cells build up on the top layer and dull skin. They are also a factor in blemishes. By removing the dead skin, the face will have a fresher appearance and potentially less blackheads. The amount of lactic acid in the peel determines the strength. For example, a peel with 10 percent lactic acid is extremely mild.
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide helps to dissolve tissue and exfoliate the skin. Used in full strength, it is extremely caustic. As an ingredient in a peel, the diluted chemical helps to buffer the acid solution. A buffer manages the pH levels by neutralizing the acidity of the lactic acid. The sodium hydroxide component of a lactic acid peel works to keep the product mild and less irritating.
Glycerin
Glycerin is a viscous liquid that helps moisturize, but it has many different uses in manufacturing. For example, it is a common component found in soap. According to Pioneer Thinking, it is also an ingredient in nitroglycerin, an explosive in dynamite. As part of a lactic acid peel, glycerin helps to soften skin by supplying moisture. Glycerin can take moisture from the air and add it to the skin. The glycerin also helps provide viscosity to the peel, so that it is firm enough to hold its shape.
Distilled Water
Distilled water is the base that helps dissolve all the other ingredients. Without the water, a peel would lack the structure and viscosity to work effectively. The distilled water gives ingredients, such as lactic acid, a way to dissolve into liquid form. It works to dilute strong chemicals so they are safe on your skin. The water helps to moisturize and prevent over drying from the acid.
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