Omega-3 fatty acids are essential to good health and to reduce the risk of many serious health conditions, including cancer, heart disease and arthritis. Omega-3 fish oil supplements are an easy and effective way to increase your daily intake of omega-3 fatty acids when dietary sources are insufficient. Fish oil supplements typically cause no or few side effects. In some cases, however, serious side effects may develop that necessitate a change in dose or discontinuation of the supplement.
Increased Risk of Bleeding
High doses of fish oil may increase the risk of bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke, according to the Mayo Clinic. When taken in high doses, fish oil decreases platelet aggregation, prolongs bleeding time and breaks down blood clots. Patients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medication should discuss the risks of supplementation with their doctor before taking fish oil.
Increased Blood Glucose Levels
The National Institutes of Health states that increases in fasting blood sugar levels may occur in patients with type 2 diabetes who are supplementing with fish oil. This increase in blood glucose is typically only temporary, but an adjustment in insulin dosing may be required.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Fish oil supplements commonly cause gastrointestinal upset, especially during early treatment. Diarrhea may occur at even moderate doses and may become severe. Acid reflux, abdominal pain and bloating and increased burping are other common gastrointestinal side effects of fish oil.
Vitamin E Deficiency
When taken for long periods, fish oil supplements may cause a vitamin E deficiency. According to the National Institutes of Health, some over-the-counter fish oil products now contain vitamin E to combat this side effect.
Decrease in Blood Pressure
Some human trials show a decrease in blood pressure in patients taking fish oil supplements, according to the Mayo Clinic. The effects on blood pressure appear to be dose-related, with higher doses of the supplement causing the most significant drop in pressure. Patients already suffering from low blood pressure and those taking blood-pressure lowering drugs should consult their doctor before using a fish oil supplement.
Allergic Reactions
Anyone with a history of allergies to fish should avoid taking fish oil supplements. In some cases, allergic reactions may develop even in those who have never experienced a reaction to fish. Drugs.com states that immediate medical attention is necessary if allergic symptoms, such as facial swelling, difficulty breathing or hives, develop.
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