Human chorionic gondaotropin, also called HCG, is a drug used in helping with infertility in women. The drug is typically injected and is a natural hormone that aids in the final stages of egg maturation by stimulating the ovaries to release the mature eggs, a process called ovulation, according to the University of California-San Francisco Center for Reproductive Health. Ovulation usually takes place approximately 36 hours after HCG is administered. Like any medications, HCG injections can cause side effects, some of which can be serious.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, or OHSS, is a rare but possible side effect of HCG injections. This occurs when the ovaries are overstimulated due to the medication. According to Drugs.com, women typically develop this syndrome after the first treatment cycle, but it can develop at any time. It is a serious and possible life-threatening condition. Symptoms that warrant immediate physician attention include severe pelvic pain, swelling of the hands or legs, stomach pain and swelling, weight gain, diarrhea, trouble breathing, nausea or vomiting, or infrequent urination, notes Drugs.com.
Allergic Reaction
HCG may cause an allergic reaction in some individuals, and the drug should be stopped immediately if any symptoms of a reaction appear. Rxlist.com lists possible allergic reactions as including hives, trouble breathing, and swelling of the tongue, throat or lips. These symptoms warrant emergency medical attention.
Blood Clot
There is an increased risk of developing a blood clot when taking this medication. Symptoms of a blood clot can include pain, warmth, tingling or numbness in an arm or leg; dizziness; severe headache; and confusion, notes Rxlist.com. If these symptoms develop, immediate medical attention is necessary.
Multiple Births
When HCG is used to stimulate ovulation, the chances of a woman having a multiple birth like twins or triplets is increased, according to Drugs.com. When a woman is pregnant with multiples, this is considered a high-risk pregnancy and specialized obstetric care is necessary.
Miscellaneous Side Effects
Other, less serious side effects may occur. These side effects, listed by Drugs.com, include headache, irritability or restlessness, breast tenderness and swelling, depression, mild weight gain due to water weight, and pain or redness at the injection site. If any of side effects are serious enough to cause discomfort, consult a health care provider about how to alleviate them.
Medication Interactions
Prior to taking HCG, discuss any medications and supplements currently being taken with a physician to reduce the risk of adverse interactions or side effects. Vitamins and herbal supplements can also interact with medications, so it is best to give a physician a complete list of substances being consumed.
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