The thyroid gland, located in the base of the neck, plays a critical role is regulating the body's metabolism. It accomplishes this by producing key hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine, also called T4 and T3. These hormones increase protein production and oxygen consumption throughout the body. Poor thyroid function results in fatigue, lethargy, weakness, dry skin, sensitivity to cold, brittle nails and constipation.
Selenium
Selenium is a trace mineral that becomes incorporated into a class of proteins called selenoproteins that are important for regulation of thyroid function and other physiological processes. Selenium deficiency may aggravate the effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid function. Hypothyroidism patients with iodine deficiency may benefit from supplemental selenium. Adults should receive no more than 400 mcg of selenium per day. Talk to your doctor before taking selenium supplements.
Vitamin D
Many studies have shown that many North Americans are deficient in vitamin D. Individuals with thyroid disease have an elevated risk of vitamin D deficiency. This may occur because parathyroid hormone is involved in the metabolism of vitamin D in the body. Revised recommendations released in 2010 call for adults to receive 600 IU of vitamin D per day.
Iodine
A classic symptom of iodine deficiency is enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck, also known as goiter. Most individuals in developed nations receive sufficient iodine from their diet. In these areas, table salt is supplemented with iodine and iodine is also found in the soil of crop plants. Some individuals with restrictive diets or with particular health conditions may benefit from an iodine supplement. Do not begin an iodine supplement unless directed to do so by a physician.
