High-fructose corn syrup is a sweetener that can also act as a food preservative. The syrup is a combination of two forms of sugar called glucose and fructose. High-fructose corn syrup is not any more or less healthy than table sugar, according to the Mayo Clinic, but too much of any sweetener can pose health risks.
Diabetes
A diet that consists of large portions of high-fructose corn syrup could increase a person's risk of developing insulin resistance and diabetes, according to a 2007 article in "Science Daily." Soft drinks that contain the additive also contain reactive carbonyls, a compound that can cause body tissue to die. People who already have diabetes may suffer from more complications of the disease than those who do not indulge in sweetened beverages.
Obesity
The calorie content of high-fructose corn syrup can contribute to obesity, according to the Mayo Clinic. Sugar, corn syrup and other sweetening agents in food contain calories that provide little, if any, nutritional value. Routinely eating snack foods that list high-fructose corn syrup in the ingredients can lead to weight gain, which also increases a person's risk for heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke.
Cavities
High-fructose corn syrup, like sugar, can cause tooth decay and cavities if consumed in large quantities. High-fructose corn syrup is a sweetener commonly added to sodas and juice drinks. According to the Bastyr Center for Natural Health, corn syrup and other refined sugars may increase the likelihood of tooth decay, especially if consumers practice sub-par dental care.
Cognitive Function
Researchers at Georgia State University are studying the possible link between high-fructose corn syrup and cognitive function. Initial results showed that laboratory rats suffered from memory loss when given high doses of the additive. The sweetener increased the rats' level of triglycerides, which can decrease the plasticity of cells. This lack of plasticity can make it harder for the brain to react to new events or create new memories. No correlation between people and neurological side effects from high-fructose corn syrup have been made as of 2009.
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