Adverse Reactions To Black Cohosh

Black cohosh, or Cimicifuga racemosa, a plant native to North America, is a popular dietary supplement commonly used by women as an alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms. Black cohosh appears to behave as a hormonal mimic, inducing estrogenic-like effects, however, the exact mechanism of action of this supplement is still not understood. While many studies have reported that black cohosh is safe with only minor side effects, including dizziness, headache and nausea, other data may suggest otherwise.

Liver Toxicity

Increasing data indicate that black cohosh can have severe toxic effects against the liver. In a 2006 case study from the University of Utah Medical Center, a female patient suffered acute liver failure in response to black cohosh. Although she was taking other medication, doctors suggested that the supplement was a likely candidate for the organ failure. The data surrounding the effect of liver toxicity is somewhat contradictory in the scientific literature and further research is necessary.

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body's immune system goes haywire and begins to attack healthy liver cells. This can lead to swelling of the liver and cirrhosis. Besides what has been described direct liver toxicity, ingestion of black cohosh in certain cases has also been linked to an increase in autoimmune hepatitis. People with liver disorders or a family history of liver disorders, or anyone for that matter, should be cautious before ingesting black cohosh.

Increased Edema

After ingestion of black cohosh, several case-studies indicate that increased fluid retention can occur, leading to increased tissue swelling. This is commonly known as edema, which usually occurs in the legs, feet and arms of patients. Edema occurs in response to fluid leaking from capillaries into the surrounding tissue. The effects of edema range from minor discomfort to severe pain and complications. Edema is often a symptom of more severe cardiac, kidney, and liver medical issues.

Cardiology Effects

According to the National Toxicology Program at the Department of Health and Human Services, black cohosh is not suggested for people with heart disease. Black cohosh in certain people can significantly decrease heart rate at reasonably low doses. Additionally, this supplement is not suggested for people suffering from hypertension and who are on blood pressure medication because black cohosh can induce hypotension, an unsafe drop in blood pressure.

Cancer

Black cohosh should be contraindicated with certain cancer drugs. For example, black cohosh can increase the activity of doxorubicin and docetaxel, potentially worsening the drugs' side effects. Black cohosh can also decrease the effectiveness of cisplatin. Rockwell etal. showed in a mouse study that black cohosh can increase breast cancer metastasis. Although evidence indicates that black cohosh may also have positive effects against cancer, there is not enough evidence to support its use. Consult your doctor before using black cohosh.