Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- also known as COPD -- is a condition that results when the normally elastic air sacs in your lungs become overstretched, making it difficult for you to breathe normally. While there is no cure for COPD, there are physical therapy exercises you can perform that help you learn to compensate for reduced lung function. Performing these regularly can help you to adjust to the reduction in lung function.
Causes
Smoking is the chief contributor to COPD. The habit damages the elastic fibers located in the lungs' air sacs. As a result, your air sacs lose the ability to open and expand. Secondhand smoke also can cause this to occur. If you experience chronic bronchitis, which causes the airways to become inflamed and narrowed, this also can contribute to COPD. This is because the airways become blocked frequently, making breathing difficult. You may experience an additional symptom of excess mucus production, which means you cough frequently and sometimes uncontrollably. By practicing exercises that retrain your breath, you can better avoid coughing spells.
Pursed Lips
Pursed-lip breathing is an exercise that can be practiced several times daily in order to improve your breathing. This breathing is beneficial because it warms and moistens the air before it enters your air passages, making the breath easier to reach the lungs. Breathe in slowly for one count, then purse your lips together. Breathe out for two slow breaths, letting the air flow naturally from your mouth. This exercise can be practiced if you experience difficulty catching your breath.
Diaphragm Breathing
Breathing through your diaphragm is generally considered to be a deep type of breathing, which can be difficult for COPD sufferers to achieve. In order to compensate for this, practice a diaphragmatic breathing technique. Lie down and place a pillow behind your head for support. Place one hand on your abdomen and the other on the upper portion of your chest. Control your breath as you breathe in slowly as the hand on your stomach should rise. If your hand on your chest moves, try to divert the air to your abdomen. Purse your lips and breathe out slowly. The hand on your stomach should move inward.
Warning
As you are performing COPD breathing retraining techniques, do not force air out of the lungs. This can cause you to cough uncontrollably and release mucus, according to National Jewish Health. If you do experience a coughing fit, use your pursed-lips technique. Leaning slightly forward while either sitting or standing also can help to encourage proper airflow.
