Respiratory diseases such as emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchitis can cause excess mucus secretions that restrict airflow to the lungs. Most patients with these illnesses require the use of prescription medications to treat their symptoms, which cause difficulty breathing. In some cases, patients use a nebulizer, which turns liquid solutions into small aerosol particles for inhalation. Acetylcysteine is a drug that patients can nebulize for inhalation to help treat excess bronchial secretions.
Obstructive Lung Disorders
In response to external triggers, infection or chronic lung disease, bronchial airways can become constricted and inflamed. The resulting reduction in airflow causes significant difficulty in breathing. In addition, increased sensitivity to foreign particles and physiologic changes from disease cause may cause the airways to produce excess mucus, which further blocks the flow of air. Breathing difficulty can cause great distress and may be life threatening if left untreated. Other symptoms of restricted airflow include fatigue and persistent coughing. Obstructive disorders of the lungs and respiratory tract require attention by a physician who can administer the proper breathing tests and determine the best treatment options.
Inhaled Acetylcysteine
Although acetylcysteine solution is marketed under the brand name Mucomyst TM, it is also available in generic form. Acetylcysteine contains sulfur components that break the chemical links in airway mucus. As a result, the mucus becomes less viscous and easier to expectorate, or cough up. As the airways become free of mucus, breathing becomes easier.
Use of Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine is available in strengths of 10 and 20 percent. Although patients usually use the 10 percent solution undiluted, the 20 percent formulation requires further dilution with sodium chloride solutions or sterile water. Acetylcysteine solution is often administered via a nebulizer, and patients inhale the medication through a mask and into the lungs.
Acetylcysteine Dosing
Acetylcysteine is packaged in glass vials containing 4 mL, 10 mL or 30 mL of the drug. Patients use an included calibrated dropper for dosing. The usual dose for decreasing airway mucus via nebulization is 3 to 5 mL of the 20 percent solution inhaled three to four times daily. Alternatively, 6 to 10 mL of the 10 percent solution is also effective.
Adverse Reactions
Minor adverse reactions to acetylcysteine include nausea, fever, drowsiness and runny nose. More severe reactions include swelling in the mouth and increased airway constriction. Store open vials of acetylcysteine solution in the refrigerator and use them within 96 hours. Contact a physician if you have concerns regarding side effects or treatment with acetylcysteine.
