Fire, hot water, the sun, chemicals and electricity are dangerous sources that can lead to significant and catastrophic burns. First-degree burns--such as a splash of hot water while cooking--are minor and only involve the outer layer of skin, called the epidermis. The skin turns red, inflamed and tender to the touch. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and middle layer of skin called the dermis. Severe pain and blisters can result. There are specific steps to treat a first- and second-degree burn.
First-Degree Burns
Step 1
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Dry them well.
Step 2
Hold the burned area under cold water for 10 minutes. This serves to cool the skin and provide temporary relief. Use a cold compress if the burned area is in a difficult region of your body. Do not use ice; this can further damage the skin.
Step 3
Apply a sterile gauze bandage onto the burned area. Make sure the gauze is loose for comfort.
Step 4
Take an over-the-counter pain reliever to control your pain. Use it as directed. Do not give pain medication to children and teenagers. Instead, call your doctor for advice.
Second-Degree Burns
Step 1
Use the "stop, drop, and roll" technique if you are on fire, or wrap yourself in a blanket to quell the fire. Never run. Oxygen feeds the fire.
Step 2
Run the burned area under cold water for 10 minutes if the second-degree burn is minor and has unopened blisters. Do not break open the blister; this can lead to infection. If you have opened blisters, skip this step and go to Step 4. Call your doctor for help if you are unsure.
Step 3
Use a washcloth soaked in cold water to apply to the burn if it's in a difficult region of the body.
Step 4
Apply dry sterile gauze to the burn. Do not apply any ointments or oils to the burn. These substances delay the healing process.
Step 5
Watch for any signs of infection, such as blisters with green or brown fluid, red streaks and intense swelling. See your doctor if you suspect infection. If this burn doesn't heal within 10 days to three weeks, see your doctor.
Second-Degree Chemical Burns
Step 1
Remove any clothing and jewelry contaminated with the chemical.
Step 2
Run the affected skin under large amounts of cold water for 15 to 30 minutes. Do not use small amounts of cold water; this can activate the chemical in some instances.
Step 3
Cover the burned region with dry sterile gauze and see your doctor for further attention.
Things You'll Need
- Sterile gauze bandage
- Pain reliever
- Cold compress
- Wash cloth
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