The most important thing to consider when choosing a running shoe is the type of arch you have, as this is typically related to your running gait. A specialty running store can often examine your foot and help you choose the best running shoe for you. Break your shoes in for at least 100 miles before running a marathon them, to ensure they are sufficiently broken in.
Overpronators
Runners with low or flat arches tend to overpronate, notes runningshoetypes.com. These runners need a shoe that provides motion control and prevents the foot from rotating too far inward, which is what happens with pronation. Motion control shoes include ASICS GEL-Evolution 6, New Balance 2012, Mizuno Wave Renegade 4 and the Brooks models Beast, Ariel and Addiction.
Neutral Runners
Individuals with a normal to medium arch are usually termed neutral runners, and need running shoes that provide stability and cushioning. These shoes are not as rigid as motion control shoes but do not encourage pronation as much as regular cushioned shoes with a curved last. Shoes to consider include ASICS GEL-Kayano, New Balance 1226, Nike LunarEclipse and Saucony ProGrid Hurricane.
Supinators
Runners with a high arch typically supinate, which means their feet roll outward, causing undue strain on the joints and small toes. These individuals need a shoe that encourages pronation and has cushioning; these shoes typically have a curved last for inward rotation. Shoes suitable for this kind of runner include the Nike Air Zoom Vomero, ASICS GEL-Nimbus and the New Balance 1080.
Racing Flats
If you are looking for a personal best time, or aiming for speed during a marathon, racing flats may be a good shoe option to put into rotation. The majority of your training should not be done in racing flats, as they are not made for durability and protection, but for speed. These shoes are lightweight and meant to be worn primarily during racing. Prior to using them for a marathon, it is best if you break them in and are comfortable wearing them on long runs to avoid blisters and discomfort during a marathon.
Type of Running
If you are planning on doing some of your marathon training on off-road surfaces like trails, consider buying a trail running shoe to keep in your shoe rotation. Trail shoes typically have a different outsole than other running shoes to provide more traction and support when running on uneven surfaces. They also usually have features that help support the ankles and protect the toes from debris and the elements.
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