Functional neuromuscular electric stimulation is a therapeutic approach used to assist individuals in restoring the function of damaged nerves. Special devices produce electric pulses that stimulate your nerves. This can help you regain function and range of motion. There are several different types of systems available; some are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and their use may be covered by your insurance plan.
Significance
It is important to understand range of motion - it will help you with the concept of eclectic stimulation. Basically, range of motion or ROM is your ability to move a body part through a given normal path, For instance, if the ROM in your neck is normal, you will be able to turn your head a specific number of degrees to both the right and the left. If your range of motion is compromised, perhaps you can turn your head to the right normally, but you can not turn your head equally as far when you look to the left. This is a simple measurement of part of the range of motion of your neck .
Types
Several different types of systems fall under the general umbrella known as electric stimulation or neuromuscular stimulation. Neuromuscular and electric stimulation are known by several different terms, according to Regence Blue Cross and Blue Shield. Different terms include SES or superimposed electric stimulation, FES or functional electric stimulation, NMES or neuromuscular electrical stimulation, FNS or functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation, ENS or electrical neuromuscular stimulation and EMG or electromyography triggered neuromuscular stimulation. Regardless of the name, the goal is the same; restoring or improving the function of your nerves in specific body part(s) that have been injured and, increasing your ability to use that body part.
Function
Neural or nerve stimulating devices are made up of an orthotic or segment that you wear and a processor-based electronic mechanism that creates the electric current that is delivered to your nerves. Depending on the specific device, the electrodes may simply be placed on your skin or implanted internally, usually below your skin. The microprocessor is programed to deliver electric stimulation to your nerves that result in muscle contractions. They can be complicated or quite simple depending on the movement and range of motion required.
Systems
A closed loop functional system can be used to help injured individuals walk again and regain use and range of motion in their limbs. They can also be used for upper body functions including grasp-release, elbow extension and the ability to pronate your arm by moving your wrist from side-to-side. The closed loop system constantly relays information back to the processor including joint position and muscle movement. This information allows the processor to continually change the electric stimulus needed to make the muscles contract so an activity can be continued or repeated.
The open loop systems are used for simple tasks such as muscle strengthening. If you are involved in physical therapy, your therapist may use an open loop system to help manage muscle spasm and reduce discomfort. Open loop systems are used mostly for individuals whose nerves are intact.
Uses
Closed loop neuromuscular stimulation systems have been clinically tested and found useful in individuals with different types of disabilities. A study published by the National Institutes of Health titled Effects of Functional Electric Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Function and Shoulder Range of Motion in Hemiplegic Patients, relates the success of using FES on individuals with hemiplegia or loss of the ability to move a limb or limbs. The study concluded that FES was useful to help the individuals tested regain use and range of motion in hemiplegia of short duration. These devices can also useful for individuals who have suffered stroke, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. They can help some improve or regain use of an affected limb and increase their range of motion.
References
- PubMed.gov: Efficacy of Neuromuscular Stimulation of the Quadriceps Femoris During Continuous Passive Motion Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
- "Science & Sports": Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the range of motion
- Aetna: Clinical Policy Bulletin: Functional Electrical Stimulation and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
- Regence Blure Cross and Blue Shield: Functional Neuromuscular Elecrtical Stimulation
- PubMed.gov: Effects of Functional Electric Stimulation on Upper Limb Motor Function and Shoulder Range of Motion in Hemiplegic Patients
