When you have your cholesterol levels tested, one of the results you will receive are the level of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat which are produced by excess calories your body doesn't use for energy. According to the Mayo Clinic, triglycerides, like cholesterol, serve a purpose; they provide you with the energy you need. However excess amounts caused by the food choices you make and a sedentary lifestyle can also be dangerous. If your triglyceride level is too high, generally 200 or more, your doctor may choose to place you on medication to lower the amount of these fats and reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.
Statins
Statins are the newest class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, and according to the Mayo Clinic, are considered to be the wonder drug of the 21st century. Statins work in two ways to help lower your triglycerides; first they reduce the production of cholesterol in your body and second, they help reabsorb triglycerides and cholesterol that have made a home along the walls of your arteries, which prevents further blockage.
The most common statins on the market include Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor, Mevacor and Pravachol. They come in doses which range between 5 and 80mg; the dose you are prescribed depends on how high your levels are and the number of risk factors you have which may increase your chances of suffering from heart attack or stroke.
The most common side effects of these drugs include nausea, constipation, diarrhea and muscle or joint aches. These drugs can, however, cause more serious side effects such as liver damage and a breakdown of the cells in your muscles.
Niacin
Dr. Chris Rosenbloom, R.D. at Georgia State University, states that niacin is effective for lowering triglycerides, but only when it is taken in large amounts. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is available in supplement form. However to reap the health benefits, you would need to consume 2,000 to 6,000mg per day; at this dose, Rosenbloom states niacin should no longer be used as a supplement, but rather as a prescription from your doctor.
According to the American Heart Association, the prescription form of niacin is known as nicotinic acid, and works by reducing the production of blood fats in the liver. The most common side effects associated with niacin include flushing (hot flashes), upset stomach and itching. It can also cause liver toxicity, so you must be closely monitored while taking it. Additionally, it is not generally prescribed for diabetics due to its tendency to increase blood sugar levels.
Fibrates
The American Heart Association states that while fibrates are not an effective option for lowering LDL levels, they do work for lowering your triglycerides. They may be used in combination with statins if your doctor feels it's warranted. The most common fibrates on the market include Lopid, Antara, Lofibra, Tricor and Atromid-S.
According to DiscoveryHealth, fibrates may lower triglycerides by 20 to 50 percent, while increasing your HDL levels simultaneously. The most common side effects associated with these drugs include nausea and diarrhea. Less common side effects exist which include, but are not limited to, muscle and joint pain, fever, chills, headache, chest pain, rash and decreased sex drive.
