Structure
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus, by a health care professional, to prevent pregnancy. There are only two types of IUDs. One form is a flexible plastic device that contains hormones. The other form is also made of flexible plastic, but contains copper. Both are about the size of a penny.
Once the device is placed it does not require any maintenance for several years. The hormone-containing IUD can stay in place for five years and the copper IUD for up to 12 years. Both have a string attached at the base for removal by a health care professional.
Pregnancy Prevention
Both types of IUDs prevent pregnancy by affecting the way sperm moves, according to Planned Parenthood. By preventing sperm from reaching an egg, fertilization cannot take place. The IUDs also alter the lining of the uterus to prevent a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine walls, according to Drugs.com.
The progestin in the hormone-containing IUD prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg. Without an egg in the uterus, fertilization cannot occur. Progestin also thickens the cervical mucus helping to trap sperm before it can reach the uterus.
Considerations
The IUD is highly effective in preventing pregnancy. In fewer than one out of 100 women using the IUD an unintended pregnancy occurs. The device is effective immediately after it is placed into the uterus. There are some side effects attributed to the IUD. These include cramping, spotting and, rarely, the perforation of the uterine wall. The IUD can also reduce the cramps and length of menstruation, however some women experience the opposite effect. According to Drugs.com, the IUD can become dislodged and attach into the uterine wall. Surgery may be conducted to remove the device when this occurs.
IUDs are often recommended for women who have been pregnant before as the uterus will be more favorable for placing and retaining the IUD. It should only be removed by a professional. A new device can be inserted immediately after removal. A woman can become pregnant immediately after removal of the hormone-free IUD. Depending upon the time of removal of a hormonal IUD, a woman may need to wait until her next menstrual cycle to resume ovulation. The copper IUD can be placed as a form of emergency contraception within 72 hours of unprotected sex, according to ParaGard.com.
Member Comments