An elliptical trainer is a stationary exercise machine on which the user can adjust the intensity of the workout to simulate walking or running. Elliptical machines are a popular form of exercise for those seeking a workout that raises heart rate without placing undue stress or impact on the feet, legs and joints. Some of the more popular models are made by Precor, Reebok CCS, Life Fitness, StairMaster and Startrac.
Name
The elliptical machine is often called an elliptical trainer or elliptical cross-trainer. It gets its name from the ellipse-like path in which your feet move when exercising on the machine. Propelling the machine's pedals gives you a sense of gliding, somewhat like a combination of fast walking, stair climbing and cross-country skiing.
Types
The three main types of elliptical machines are rear, center and front drive. Rear-drive models have a more level angle and are considered to be the best in simulating the feeling of running. Front-drive ellipticals, in contrast, provide more of a climbing sensation. Center-drive models are the newest type of elliptical machines, using two flywheels instead of just one like other types. They have the advantage of being the most space efficient of the three types. Choosing between the different types is largely a matter of preference and finding the most comfortable fit for your body; all three provide similar health benefits.
Benefits
Elliptical machines provide a good workout for people of any age, but are particularly useful for the elderly. Performing exercise that raises the heart rate is still important for older people, but vigorous running may be difficult or impossible for those with joint, bone or muscle problems. Likewise, overweight people who begin aerobic activity as part of a weight loss routine find using an elliptical machine less punishing on their feet and legs than regular running. Physical therapists may also recommend the elliptical machine to rehab patients as a safer alternative to running.
Operation
Elliptical machines are typically simple and safe to operate. Unlike a treadmill, which has a continuously moving belt, the elliptical machine stops movement when you do, so there is little chance of injury. The user steps into the pedals, then begins a forward gliding motion while maintaining an upright posture. Most newer models include handles or poles for the hands --- similar to those of a cross-country ski machine --- which provides an upper body workout at the same time the lower body is being challenged. Users can raise the machine's resistance settings to increase the intensity of their workout.
Safety
Although elliptical machines are generally quite safe to operate, users should always take precautions when operating any type of exercise machine. Elliptical machines sit high off the floor, and should be mounted and dismounted from the pedal that is lowest to the floor. Starting movement gradually, sustaining a smooth rhythm and keeping feet firmly planted in the center of the pedals ensures the user a safe workout.
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