The Link Between Diet & Acne

If you suffer from acne, you may believe there's a strong link between certain foods and the severity of your breakouts. Many blame french fries or other greasy foods, chocolate, nuts or treats high in sugar. Some research shows there may be some truth in the claim of a link between diet and acne. If acne is affecting your well-being, see a dermatologist.

High-Glycemic Carbohydrates

There is less acne in cultures that consume low-glycemic-index diets. Glycemic index is a measurement of the impact a food has on your blood sugar and insulin levels. Following a limited-carbohydrate diet of low-glycemic-index foods may improve your skin if you suffer from acne. The number and severity of acne lesions decreased in study subjects following these dietary restrictions, according a study by Robyn N. Smith and colleagues in the July 2007 issue of "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition." Subjects ate low-glycemic carbohydrates, such as whole grains, vegetables and fruits. They avoided high-glycemic carbohydrates, such as white bread, sweets, sugary drinks and white potatoes, which have a big impact on blood-sugar levels. Further studies are needed, though, the authors note.

Dairy Products

There is some weak evidence that links acne and dairy products. Milk may be a culprit because it contains hormones that stimulate the skin to produce acne or because it increases the amount of testosterone in the body, which aggravates acne, according to Skinsight.com. One study showed that skim milk caused more acne than other types of milk. Milk is an important source of calcium and vitamin D, and more evidence is needed before eliminating it from your diet.

Foods that May Improve the Complexion

Omega-3 essential fatty acids -- healthy fats found mainly in fish such as salmon and sardines, and in omega-3 supplements -- may improve acne due to their anti-inflammatory action. High-fiber diets are also linked with clearer skin. Foods high in fiber -- such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables -- are also low-glycemic-index carbohydrates, another reason that supports eating fewer highly refined carbohydrates to decrease acne.

Other Possible Causes

Acne is caused by a buildup of dead skin cells that combine with excess skin oils and bacteria. Factors that might cause this include: a family history of acne; the use of greasy cosmetics, lotions or hair-care products; hormonal changes related to puberty, pregnancy or menstruation; sweating; squeezing and picking at the skin; and some medications, including corticosteroids, Dilantin and phenobarbital.

Treatment Options

No matter what the cause, acne treatments aim to decrease oil production, prevent the buildup of dead skin cells and reduce bacteria, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid are effective for some. If these are not effective for you, topical prescription medicines -- such as retinoids, antibiotic solutions or prescription-strength benzoyl peroxide -- are the next step. For stubborn acne, antibiotics taken by mouth, prescribed along with topical treatments, can work. In cases of severe, inflammatory acne, a potent medication called Accutane is available. While effective, instructions for its use must be followed closely to avoid adverse reactions.