Ephedrine is a stimulant derived from the Ephedra genus of plants. While ephedra is no longer available as a dietary supplement in the United States, ephedrine is still included in some medications for conditions like asthma and myasthenia gravis. Because it can affect blood sugar, patients with diabetes should consult a doctor before taking ephedrine.
Uses
Once available over-the-counter as an energy and diet supplement, ephedrine is now found mostly in pharmaceutical drugs. It is an ingredient in some allergy and congestion medications and is occasionally used as a bronch-dilator to stop asthma attacks.
Because it stimulates the central nervous system, ephedrine is sometimes prescribed for patients with narcolepsy and other sleep disorders. Other uses include treating certain heart and blood pressure conditions, depression and the myasthenia gravis.
Pharmacology
Ephedrine affects many areas of the body, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and lungs. As a vasoconstrictor, ephedrine increases heart rate and blood pressure by stimulating the release of norepinephrine -- a neurotransmitter involved in the body's fight or flight response. It is classified as a sympathomimetic agent and affects both the cerebral cortex and subcortical CNS centers, resulting in increased energy and alertness.
Side Effects
Ephedrine can cause a wide variety of unwanted side effects. According to Drug Information Online, ephedrine may affect affect blood sugar and interact with certain diabetes medications. Common side effects include vertigo, sweating, insomnia and nervousness.
Because diabetes increases the risk for heart disease, diabetic patients who take ephedrine should be aware of the drug's cardiovascular risks, such as arrhythmia and tachycardia, according to Rx List.
Safety Precautions
Diabetic patients should not take ephedrine without first consulting a doctor. Drug Information Online instructs potential ephedrine users to inform their doctor about chronic health conditions like heart disease and diabetes. People with blood sugar disorders like diabetes or hypoglycemia may need to monitor their blood glucose levels closely or have the doses of their medications adjusted by a doctor, according to Mayo Clinic.
Follow dosing directions carefully and stop using ephedrine if you experience severe or persistent adverse effects.
Warning
In rare instances, ephedrine can cause serious cardiovascular crises like heart attack and stroke. If you experience chest pain, severe headache or loss of consciousness while taking ephedrine, stop use and seek immediate medical attention.
